Symbiosis Vs Mutualism

Mutualism is when two organisms have a relationship in which both of them benefit.An example of mutualism is algae and the spider crab.Since spider crabs spend most of their time in shallow water they can be seen by predators.Algae will make the spider crabs back their home.Now with the algae on their back, the spider crab is able to disguise itself from predators.If the spider crab did not have the algae it would be eaten by predators,if the algae didn't have the spider crab it would not have a home.

Another example that actually portrays a symbiotic relationship well is the relationship between the monkeys and the bird Zazu. Numerous times throughout the movie, monkeys are eating the bugs off of Zazu’s beak and body. This example portrays a good example of mutualism since while the monkeys benefit due to the food, Zazu benefits since the bugs will stop irritating him showing how both benefit. One example in real life that does not however show mutualism is when humans eat tapeworms. This is an example of parasitism since the tapeworms gets food to eat whereas the humans lose their nutrients and might get their stomach enlarged due to the tapeworm growing in size just due to their ambition in losing weight gone wrong.

Since organisms living in communities form interdependent relationships, a change in the abundance of one species will not only affect the physical and more direct interactions, but could indirectly affect the number of other species within the community as a consequence (Wootton 1993). These indirect affects rise because the interactions between pairs of species are not independent of other species, such as increasing the density of vegetation may increase the survival rate of the prey, reducing the intensity of the interaction between the predator and prey (Wootton 1993, 1994). An

Symbiotic relationships are referred to a special type of partnership between a lot species. These relationships can sometimes be beneficial or sometimes even harmful. These kinds of cohesion are essential for many ecosystems and organism today. They provide a working balance that can only be achieved by working with each other. When two different species somehow finds a way to coexist and it’s beneficial for both sides, is often referred to a mutualistic relationship.

Symbiosis is the interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association typically to the advantage of

A Facultative relationship is when organisms live together by choice. There are many forms of symbiotic relationships, but the most common and relevant to this argument are mutualism, commensalism,

PROTOCOOPERATION :-It is a short step ahead of commensalism and cooperation. In this relationship, both organisms gain by the association and are mutually benefited(facultative mutualism) Eg the Red billed

Coevolution in this scenario occurs by selection for those organisms from both taxa which possess trait which allow them to take the best advantage of this mutualism relative to their conspecifics. An example of this relationship is the plant-pollinator interaction between yucca plants and yucca moths.

n the planet we are surrounded by many different ecosystems, and each one fits within another. These biological systems that have a relation in living communities are known as our complex ecosystem (1). Since each of these communities end up working peacefully with one another they become a product of coevolution, or as many biologists have referenced this giant community as the Greek earth goddess, Gaia. Coevolution is generally focused on plants and animals, and how two or more species interact causing a result of a mutualistic relationship (2). Once a scientist acknowledges how these species interact, they end up with a conclusion of how each species has different variations, adaptations, and how their fitness works within their ecosystem.

Allopatric Speciation refers to an outside source begetting geographic separation between two or more groups of animals obviating them from copulating with each other and leading to the speciation of their lineage (University of California Museum of Paleontology, 2016a). In contrast, Sympatric Speciation does not involve physical separation, but instead occurs when development of a habitat reduces gene flow between a species (University of California Museum of Paleontology, 2016e). For example, a species of bug typically lays its eggs on oranges, but the introduction of peaches to their environment spurs some of the species to lay their eggs on the peaches instead. Moreover, with this particular species, the females always return during mating season to the fruit they hatched from and males of the species

Synbiotics is a combination of pro and prebiotics that combine to promote the growth of a number of beneficial microorganism in the body for improved heath. They are selective and improve the growth of a particular species or group of species of beneficial bacteria.

Sponges protect numerous symbiotic organisms in a variety of ways. For example, some sponges host endosymbiotic algae and bacteria. These relationships are considered mutualistic, as the symbionts provide additional nutrients for the sponge in return for a place to grow. Sponges are also a common source of protection for some species of crabs. In this mutualistic relationship, the crab wears the sponge, which provides protection from predators in the form of camouflage. At the same time, the sessile sponge gains transportation to more nutrient filled areas.

The interactions of an organism with other organisms and with its environment can be categorized by their effect; the categorization is based on the quality of benefit or harm in terms of fitness experienced by the organisms. When both organisms are benefited, it is called mutualism. For example, ants may protect a tree from an organism that would like to make the tree its next meal, and at the same time the tree provides a safe home for the ants. When one organism is benefited and the other organism is not affected, it is called commensalism. For example, a barnacle attached to a whale is able to collect and filter food from the moving water, which does not really affect the whale. (“Ecological Interactions”). When one organism is benefited and the other organism is harmed, there can be predation or parasitism. For example, a parasite benefits and the host is harmed, such as when a tick sucks blood out of a dog. When both organisms are not affected, it is called neutralism. When one organism is harmed and the other organism is not affected, it is

This last few days, I asked some of my friends, relatives, and other common people about Sustainable meaning to them. They got various answer according to their general understanding which I conclude what they mean as the ability to last long. Moving to a more general fact about life’s, life means nothing when there is no purposes or goals, let us face the fact of this world that everybody, everything keeps on changing, our life, our world, our way of thinking and also our understandings. So in this life there is a progress which the World organization set as a goal that need to be achieve in order to progress life’s in a better ways. In 2000 the government set a goal named MDG (Millennium Development Goals) with 8 point issue such as the poverty, education, gender equality, HIV, reduce child and maternal deaths, Malaria and other disease, Environmental sustainable, and global partnership (6 for human, 1 for environment, 1 for the human intervention). The MDG didn’t goes pretty well due to its lack of detail in every aspect.

Interspecific competition is the competition between two different species. Interspecific competition occurs between species that share similar niches and limited resources. A niche is defined as an area that a species inhabits, the role or function of the species in the ecosystem and the species relationship with all the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it (Biology online dictionary, 2015). The limiting resources could be resources such as mates’, nutrients and space (Beals, 1999).