Sympathetic Nervous System

20.The part of the ANS that is responsible for reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal is called the  sympathetic division of the nervous system.

Parasympathetic Nervous System: Responsible for returning your body to its normal functioning by slowing down your heart rate, lowering your blood pressure, and increasing your digestive and eliminative processes.

Medications used for nervous system disorders such as: ADHD, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and more have been used for years to treat these disorders and others. Most medications have a positive effect on a person, when used correctly and with the right body chemistry. Other times, these medications can cause more harm than good.

The action that is required for standing up is for the muscle to contract in the lower portion of the body from the gluteus maximum to the Gastrocnemius muscle.

The system behind fight response or the flight is the SNS. When someone gets shocked by an incident, SNS increases heart rate, a situation that necessitates for energy provision. Blood flow increases directing blood to flow to the digestive system in order to provide more energy to the lungs, heart, and muscles. PNS, on the other hand, stimulates digestion by increasing the flow of blood to the digestive tract. Through increased peristalsis and stimulation of salivary gland secretion, food digestion increases with the increase of nutrients absorption (Kiba,

Once the SNS is activated, heart rate increase, blood pressure increases, breathing accelerates, and pupils dilate. All these mechanisms assist the body when dealing with stressful situations and assessing danger. The sympathetic nervous system is also known as the “fight or flight” response since it diminishes the oxygenated blood flow to the organs and allocates this resource to the muscles of the legs and arms. By increasing the blood flow to the legs and arms the individual can either attack with full strength or rapidly retreat. Once the threat has been neutralized the parasympathetic system helps the body return to its normal

There is an important system in our body that will respond in an emergency. It is called the Sympathetic Nervous System. This system will use different nerve pathways to start reactions in the body. It all starts when the hypothalamus tells the Sympathetic Nervous System to kick into gear, and the effect overall is the whole body speeds up, and tenses up and becomes very alert. This nervous system will send out impulses to the glands and smooth muscles to alert the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine or also known as adrenaline, and norepinephrine which is also known as noradrenaline into the bloodstream.

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is composed of two parts called the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is involved with sleeping, digesting meals, and making new blood cells and antibodies. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is involved with the “fight or flight” response and is associated with stress.

The other part is the central nervous system (CNS), which is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. The CNS acts as a control centre and sends the signals to the needed neurons. It then brings a response via glands and muscles which maintain homeostasis (Sherwood, 2016). The PNS divides into the two following systems; the autonomic and the somatic. This controls involuntary and voluntary movements of the body such as heart muscles or skeletal muscles (Sherwood, 2016). The autonomic nervous system is then divided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems (Sherwood, 2016). The sympathetic system controls responses in our body which is also known as the 'fight or flight' reaction. This reaction increases the heart rate and blood pressure within the body as well as the production of adrenaline (Colbert et al, 2012). The parasympathetic nervous system has the opposite effect of the reaction, and controls the resting and digestion systems in the body. This decreases the heart rate and blood pressure therefore it does not trigger of a production of adrenaline (Colbert et al, 2012). The nervous system transmits and communicates around the body via a network of neurons. These are stimulated to trigger an electric impulse (Cohen, 2014). The electric impulse begins at the dendrites and proceeds down the body of the neurone

During exercise, the adrenal gland increases the production of adrenaline and noradrenaline which directly affects the heart and the ability to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. The hormones then directly influence the sympathetic nerves to stimulate the heart to beat stronger for increased stroke volume and faster for increased heart rate and an overall increase in cardiac output.

The sympathetic division is what sets off your internal alarms. It’s the part of your body that responds to stress and prepares the body for intense physical activity and makes us more alert. It is what’s behind the fight or flight response and maximizes are chance of survival in a threatening situation. Examples include increase heart rate, dilate pupils, inhibit digestion, relax airways, and increases adrenaline. The nerves originate from the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. They ganglia are found closer to the spinal cord. The preganglionic fibers are much shorter than the postganglionic. The parasympathetic is for resting and digesting. It counteracts the effects of the sympathetic nervous system and reverses the changes. It’s responsible

Did you know that the Parasympathetic and the Sympathetic systems both engage the same group of bodily functions, they regulate? “The action of the two systems are often but not always antagonistic (Nicholls et al. 316). The Sympathetic system activates without any conscious control of bodily responses to a perceived threat and prepares the body for intense physical activity (Fight or Flight). In addition, originates in the spinal cord; specifically in the lumbar regions and the thoracic. While the Parasympathetic system originates in the medulla and the spinal cord and controls the homeostasis, relaxing the body and inhibits or slows many high-energy functions, (Rest and Digest). The Parasympathetic and Sympathetic systems both innervate the same organs such as The Cardiovascular System- heart rate, The Pulmonary System- lungs, The Musculoskeletal System- muscles, The Gastrointestinal System- stomach and liver, The urinary System- bladder, pupils in the eyes and salivary

Parasympathetic Nervous System- The part of the involuntary nervous system that serves to slow the heart rate, increase intestinal and glandular activity, and relax the sphincter muscles.

Stress affects the whole body which gets responses from the brain; the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system work together to connect all the systems. The sympathetic nervous system sends off a mandatory stress on the body to pump the heart, blood to flow, and the flow of adrenaline, in which not all stress is bad because this is automatic stress (Benjamin). When it starts to affect

     The Parasympathetic nervous system is an antagonist to the sympathetic nervous system. Its primary function is to give you the ability to rest and relax, in times when you are tired or stressed. The parasympathetic nervous system works to save energy and allow your blood pressure to also decrease. Your heartbeat reduces becoming much slower, and digestion can start. Notice again in figure