Symptomatic Hypomagnesemia

In chemistry and in our world there are elements that are needed for survival in our everyday life, and one essential element that both humans and plants need is magnesium. Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal that is the second element found in group two on the periodic table. Magnesium is an important element that is used in our everyday society and found in the industry, agriculture, research, and medical areas.

Magnesium supplements do not appear to have an impact on serum laboratory values other than on magnesium levels. The more magnesium one takes the higher their levels may be and the magnesium levels may be low if a person has a magnesium deficiency.

How do these electrolytes impact acid-base balance? calcium and magnesium have a synergistic relationship so one enhances the other.

The patient is a 78-year-old female who had a recent fall. She fell on the left side. She has a very large left medial thigh hematoma. She continued to feel weak and unable to care for herself at home and presented to the ED. She is known to have hypertension, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, a TIA in 1998 with some minimal left-sided weakness and she has had nephrolithiasis. In the ED she was found that her creatinine has gone from 1.2-1.82. Sodium on admission was 130 with a glucose of 360 which suggests that she has some hyponatremia not as profoundas the 130 would suggest. The patient has a complained of pain all over her body, her neck, her arms and her back. She is evaluated by physical therapy who feels that she is unsafe

There are also many signs of magnesium deficiency; nausea, confusion, delirium, muscle weakness, irritability and electrical changes in the heart muscle.

In patients with renal failure the two most common electrolyte abnormalities are hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia. Hyperkalemia results due to decreased renal excretion resulting from renal failure. Both of these abnormalities are initially treated with IV calcium gluconate if the patients are symptomatic. The calcium is given to antagonize the effects of hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia. The calcium acts to protect the heart muscle temporarily until other treatments can be administered. It is imperative to monitor the patient closely with and ECG when IV calcium is administered due to calcium induced

424) Magnesium is a co-factor in our 300 enzymes that regulate biochemical reaction within the body. Muscles and nerve function, protein synthesis, and blood pressure regulation are dependent upon magnesium. For example, the recommended dietary intake of magnesium is 400-420mg for men and 310-320mg for women. An intake magnesium is dependent upon the readily food choices that are handy. The coffee cake consumed for breakfast contains 24.95g of magnesium, and the coffee contains 7.65g. That is over 32g in just one sitting. The fact is that only 30 to 40 percent of the magnesium consumed is actually absorbed by the body should make a world of difference in overall

Research suggests that magnesium deficiency is very common in the United States and Canada. Those who do not have adequate levels of this vital mineral may experience anxiety, increased stress response, insomnia, muscle twitches, and chronic fatigue.

Thus, a normal plasma sodium concentration of 142 mEq/mL actually represents a concentration in the physiologically important plasma water of 154 mEq/L (142 ÷ 0.93 = 154). The plasma water fraction may fall below 80% in patients with marked hyperlipidemia (e.g., lactescent serum in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus) or hyperproteinemia (e.g., multiple myeloma). In these settings, the plasma water sodium concentration and plasma osmolality are unchanged, but the measured sodium concentration in the total plasma volume will be reduced because the specimen contains less plasma water. Most laboratories measure sodium activity with ion-selective electrodes which do not measure actual sodium concentration. This can result in artefactually low sodium measurements when there are high levels of lipids or proteins in the blood; so-called

Potassium (K+) is a major intracellular cation and is responsible for electrical conduction throughout the body. Additionally, it is necessary for proper heart and muscle function, and digestion. The normal serum potassium range is between 3.5-5.0 mEq/L; hyperkalemia occurs when potassium levels exceed 5.0 mEq/L. Monitoring and treating hyperkalemia is quintessential to primary care as excess potassium can heart blocks and ventricular fibrillation which can result in sudden death (Pannone et al., 2012).

Hypermagnesemia occur when there is a high level of magnesium in the blood >2.5. This happens when there is increase magnesium intake and a renal failure. Manifestation include hypotension, nausea and vomiting, facial flushing, decrease pulse rate, loss of deep tender reflexes, and paralysis. Teach patients to avoid drugs containing magnesium and limit food containing magnesium. Increase fluid to promote urinary

Hypokalemia, potassium deficiency, may lead to cardiac arrhythmias; hyponatremia low serum in sodium level; hypercalcemia abnormally high blood calcium levels.

An imbalanced magnesium diet can result in two symptoms which are physical symptoms of overt defiance and low magnesium levels related to the spectrum of disease states. The Classic “Clinical” Symptoms are physical indications of magnesium deficiency. Such as muscle spasms, tics, cramps, anxiety seizures, and irregular heart rhythms. The “Sub-clinical” or “Latent” Symptoms are nonphysical symptoms and signs that occur without an individual knowing that it is a serious issue. This is caused by low intake of magnesium which results in migraine headaches, depression, insomnia, chronic fatigue and plenty more.

Have you ever heard of an element named potassium? Potassium is an element in the 4th period and 1st group on the periodic table. Potassium is not free in nature. For example, exposing it to water can cause it to explode to purple flame. Potassium quickly combines in air and responds to give off hydrogen. Having low potassium levels can give you hypokalemia. Symptoms of hypokalemia are muscle cramps, irregular heartbeat, and weakness. Did you know that 2.4% of Earth’s crust is potassium?

Serum potassium concentration was greater than 5.5mmol/L, which is hyperpotassemia. Diagnosis should be combined with medical history, electrocardiogram and serological tests.