Symptoms And Symptoms Of Depression And Bipolar II Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that is characterized by changes in mood. It can lead to risky behavior, damage relationships and careers, and even suicidal outcomes if it’s not treated. Bipolar disorder is more common in older teenagers and young adults, it can affect children as young as 6. Women experience more periods of depression than men. More remains to be learned about this condition that affects millions of people.

Mr. Z is a 45-year-old male who demonstrates symptoms of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. In the last two years, he was admitted twice to psychiatric hospitals to be treated for depression and suicidal tendencies. In both of these occasions, Mr. Z argued that he did not suffer from a psychiatric illness, but that he was dying due to a strange disease of aging. However, not one of those who seen Mr. Z could diagnose what the disease was. His wife mentioned to mental health professionals that weeks prior to his admission, he would not get out of bed and was severely, “gloomy and pessimistic.” He refused to get out of bed to go to work or to spend time with his family. Mr. Z’s wife also mentioned that throughout their years of

Bipolar II disorder is a relatively common mental illness that affects upwards of 6 million United States citizens. This disease is very complex and often difficult to diagnose. What makes this illness clinically unique is that it is characterized by extreme mood swings that alternate between extreme highs and extreme lows. Bipolar II differs from bipolar I disorder, as that the high moods of bipolar II are milder than bipolar I, which means that bipolar II patients spend more time in the low depressive states of their cycling mood. Bipolar II is often much more difficult to diagnose than bipolar I (Parker 18), which is why it is the subject of this literature review. The criteria used to diagnose bipolar II and the interpretation of these criteria is subject of continuous scholarly debate. Researchers suggest that the difficulty in diagnosing bipolar II disorder stem from an inconsistency in diagnostic criteria, an underrepresentation of hypomanic symptoms and most notably, confusion between other psychiatric disorders.

When looking at the difference between Bipolar Disorder, Manic Depressive Disorder, and Depression there are not many difference. One could look at the symptoms and see that with each there is a risk of moving towards the next disorder. An individual can be diagnosed with the lowest form of depression and if not taken care of can push the individual to the extreme without ever really knowing. Knowing the symptoms of each disorder, taking time to have tests run, having the diagnose given, and starting on the right track to controlling the disorder can most likely save one’s life in the grand scheme of like.

Bipolar Disorder II (BPD-II) is a relatively new disorder, first appearing in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) as a separate condition to Bipolar Disorder I (BPD-I), which until then was deemed as being a personality style (Parker, 2015). BPD-II is more often than not described as being the “lite” version of BPD-I (Phelps, 2012) thought to have much less incapacitating effects on the individual however; its disease burden is comparable to that of BPD-I, if not worse (Merikangas & Lamers, 2011) Of all non-communicable diseases, Bipolar Disorder (BPD) is ranked in the top ten most debilitating with BPD-II prevalence ranging from 0.4% (World Health Organisation, 2008) to 1.2% (Bauer & Pfennig, 2005). Its suicide rates are amongst the highest of all mental disorders with the Rihmer & Pestality (1999) study indicating that suicide risk may be greater in BPD-II when compared to BP-I and Unipolar Depression (UPD) (12%), are more likely to use more lethal means and have greater numbers of completed suicides.

The author suffers from “Bipolar-Not Otherwise Specified” which means he does not have BP 1 or BP 2. What he has is basically depression and mania combined. If he does not take his medication he will not be stable nor is he able to interact with people. Sometimes it is more depression than mania and vice versa. He tried killing himself two times even while on medication. Dealing with this mental disorder requires support from doctors, family and friends as well as oneself.

Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder characterized by an alternating or shift in moods of elevation and depression. It is also known as manic depression. This mental illness is that brings severe high and low moods, it can cause changes in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior. “Bi” which means two or alternating between two, explains the two common episodic moods that occur in individuals with this disorder; mania and depression. According to the DSM there are multiple forms of bipolar disorder, coming in four major forms; bipolar I, bipolar II, bipolar disorder and Cyclothymia. Bipolar II which is a “major depressive episodes alternate with hypomanic episodes rather than full manic episodes.”(Barlow et al., 2014). Individual with bipolar I are similar, “except the individual experiences a full manic episode.” (Barlow et al., 2014). Lastly Cyclothymia is just a mild form of bipolar disorder. Mania episodes take into account the high elevated moods; where an individual’s is extremely energetic, excited, may partake in usually activities, for example excessive spending, promiscuity or dangerous behavior. On the other hand, there are depressive episodes, which are mark by similar symptoms as the common disorder of depression, such as extreme sadness, lack of motivation, constant fatigue and irritable. More prevalent in women, although it can occur in children and older adults, this disorder is seen to suddenly develop in ages ranging from 18 to 24. Although similar men and

When people hear the term bipolar, they tend to think of different definitions. Everybody has his or her own definition of bipolar. Nobody actually takes the time to research to find out what being bipolar really means to people who suffer from this disorder. Bipolar disorder is a serious psychological illness which can, however, be controlled with counseling and with medications.

"Some risks factors for bipolar disorders could be genetics, bipolar disorder seems to run in families from a specific type of gene." (NIMH 3-5) A fact I found intriguing is that; "in twins, one can have bipolar disorder and the other may not even if they do have identical genes." (NIMH 6) Another risk factor could be the brain structure and function of an individual. "Research has shown that in people with bipolar disorders, their prefrontal cortex is sometimes smaller and less functional than in people who do not have bipolar disorders." (NIMH 9) People are usually diagnosed with bipolar disorder in their late teenage years or early adulthood years which could mean "unusual changes in the brain could have occured between the brain regions." (NIMH 10) "Symptoms of bipolar disorders can vary, some include changes in mood or behavior, mood episodes, becoming overly happy or extremely depressed, alcohol or substance abuse which can also trigger and prolong different symptoms." (Mayo Clinic Staff 2) "There is no cure for bipolar disorders so it usually lasts a lifetime, symptoms can come and go along time, or they can linger around." (NIMH 16) With the diagnosis of bipolar disorders come many tests. These tests can include interviews with the patient, lab tests, and physical exams but the patient has to have drastic change in their behavior in order to be diagnosed. "Other factors can contribute to bipolar disorders such

Bipolar Disorder causes unusual changes in moods, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day to day functions. This disorder was previously known as Manic- Depressive Illness. There are four types of Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar I disorder is characterized by extreme manic episodes with some depression episodes as well. Bipolar II Disorder is characterized by major depressive episodes with some episodes of hypomania. Hypomania is not as high as mania’s characterized in Bipolar I Disorder. Sometimes hypomania can go unrecognized which leads to Bipolar II Disorder being misdiagnosed as major depression. Cyclothymia is defined by several hypomanic symptoms and some depression episodes as well, lasting about two years or one year in children and adolescents. Unspecified Bipolar Disorder is the fourth type of Bipolar Disorder; it is symptoms that are not equivalent with the other three categories. Bipolar Disorder is very different from just ordinary mood swings. The length and the intensity of the moods in someone with Bipolar Disorder is very different and much more extreme than just regular mood swings. The disorder interferes with your physical and mental well-being and with your relationship with the people around you. Bipolar Disorder can be caused by major stress, changes in the brain, genetics, and a traumatic life event. The genes that can play a part in Bipolar Disorder have not been identified but it is believed that multiple genes work together to cause

Some people may think that having bipolar disorder means that anyone with the disorder are just simply put, “crazy”, I was one of those people but the meanings of those two things couldn’t possibly be any more different. Bipolar disorder is defined as “A disorder associated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.”(google.com) “Bipolar disorder is a chronic illness with recurring episodes of mania and depression”(nami.org). “The term “bipolar” — which means “two poles” signifying the polar opposites of mania and depression”(healthline.com). This paper will explain what bipolar disorder consist of meaning; the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, different types, who is affected, what to avoid, and also the history of the illness.

After class discussion, it became apparent that individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) can have occupations and can interact normally with others if the disorder is kept under control or manage by psychopharmacological interventions. The lability that can be seen during the manic episodes may be puzzling or irritating to those who are not familiar with the different signs and symptoms that a person may display during this phase. In view of the unpredictability or lability that individuals with BD may exhibit and the consequences of their behaviors, it is worthwhile to consult the literatures for more details about the disorder.

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, it is a brain disorder that causes shifts in mood, a person’s energy level, their activity levels, and their ability to carry out the day-to-day tasks. Symptoms of bipolar disorder can be very severe. They can be different from life’s normal ups and downs that everyone goes through time to time. Bipolar disorder symptoms may result in damaged relationships, poor job, or school performance, and even as far as suicide. Bipolar disorder can be treated in different form. People with bipolar disorder illness can lead full and very productive lives.

Bipolar depression is also called Manic depression and is characterized by severe shifts in a person’s mood, thoughts, energy and behavior – this includes the high of a manic state down to the low of a depressive state. It is an ever revolving cycle that may last from days to months. These mood swings are different from normal hormonal mood fluctuations because they impact a person’s ability to function from day to day. During manic episodes, the person feels the need to participate in adrenaline inducing activities such as gambling, or quitting their job, or getting on high on drugs. And during the depression part of the cycle, they find themselves to tired or down to do anything except stay in bed, they may be overwhelmed with a feeling

Important factors to note when diagnosing bipolar disorder is “family history, depressive symptoms, and course of illness, such as when emotional episodes started” (Colin, 2013). Episodes can be classed as ‘depressive’, ‘manic’ or ‘mixed’, and are interspersed by periods of normal mood. Depressive episodes are characterized by “a depressed mood, abnormal sleeping and eating, psychomotor retardation, and recurrent thoughts of death” (Furnham et al., 2009). Common manic symptoms during these episodes among individuals with bipolar disorder include “motor agitation, psychic agitation or intense inner tension, and racing or crowded thoughts” (Goldberg et al., 2009). Besides bipolar disorder being caused by abnormal emotional episodes, there can also be genetic