Introduction Amnesia is a mental illness that refers to memory loss. The cause for the memory loss can be due to several factors. The memory loss could be due to emotionally disturbing events; memory loss can also be cause of physical harm usually to the cephalic region. The disease also interrupts the normal everyday functioning of a person suffering amnesia. An individual may still be able to carry out certain activities despite the amnesia. Fortunately, there are diverse ways to treat amnesia.
Pathophysiology
Amnesia is a large scale loss of information that normally should have not been forgotten, such as key facts, important people in an individual’s life, and memorable events. Amnesia also refers to the inability to memorize information (MediLexicon, 2015). Amnesia consists of two features. Anterograde amnesia is when new data is unable to be retained. The incapability to recollect previously known information and past occurrences is called retrograde amnesia (Mayo Clinic, 2014). There are two different types of amnesia and different causes for the two types. The first type of amnesia is called organic or neurological amnesia. This amnesia is a result of brain damage or injury. Amnesia can be caused by oxygen deprivation, like from a heart attack, certain medications like ambien, the sleep aid, and also a stroke. Encephaloma in the memory region could also be cause. Amnesia may also result from head injuries and encephalitis. The second type of amnesia is called
Retrograde Amnesia has pros and cons. Pros would be forgetting about bad ex’s and tragic events like rape or witnessing a murder. Not remembering were keys are or where you live would be a con. Retrograde Amnesia is recollection failure Derivative of neurological or psychological nature. Retro means recent past or before so the name really speaks for itself. Early signs for retrograde amnesia would be consistency of forgetting things that not so long ago happened or getting lost in places where you should have known were to be. Forgetting names like I myself sometimes forget might seem like a symptom but it’s not. People generally differ in their knowledge in degrees when it comes to factual information. However, if forgetting names of relatives
Memory is the retention of information over time and it changes through our lifespan, from infancy through adulthood (Santrock 218). There are two types of memory, explicit and implicit.
The majority of us have an idea of what amnesia is. Although, it's probably a Hollywood stereotype we've seen in movies. Amnesias is a general term for a condition in which an individual loses their capacity to remember or review data that is stored in their memory or create new memories.
It is apparent that patient H.M.’s memory has not been affected by any general intellectual loss. H.M has severe anterograde amnesia, but surprisingly has spared implicit memory. Implicit memory is a type of memory in which past experiences aid the presentation of a task without mindful awareness of the experiences. There have been many tests conducted on the patient to test this spared memory.
If the episode is associated with a traumatic event, the amnesia may clear when the individual is removed from the traumatic situation.
Transient global amnesia is a condition in which a person experiences a sudden temporary incident of memory loss that cannot be explained by another neurological condition like a stroke or epilepsy. It hinders the ability to recall recent events, leaving the person unaware of where they are or how they got there. Additionally, they might not remember what is happening in the present moment. They could forget answers that were given to recent questions or be unable to recall events that occurred at a specific time.
”(p. 10) The aspect of memory loss gives the reader a realistic view of the solution. This is because in today’s society because various diseases can cause memory loss, such as amnesia and alzheimer's. In addition, everyone has forgotten something in their lifetime giving them something to relate to.
Amnesia is a memory disorder that contributes to the loss of memory (King, 2016). There are two types of amnesia: anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
A couple of articles were able to explain more about anterograde amnesia. One of those articles was “Widespread cognitive impairment in psychogenic anterograde amnesia”. The article explains the experiments scientists are doing to try and find out what causes anterograde amnesia. According to the article “Retrograde psychogenic amnesia is common but anterograde psychogenic amnesia is rare” (cite). In order to attain anterograde psychogenic amnesia the person needs to have widespread cognitive impairment. Psychological stress can put a lot of strain on the body and brain. Sometimes stress even can cause people to break down. In order to explain a cause of anterograde amnesia scientist studied a 38-year-old man.
One of the most famous case studies of amnesia in the history is HM who was suffering from epileptic seizures and had a surgery when he was only nine years old that removed 2/3 of his hippocampus, medial temporal lobes, parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala. The operation was successful in its primary goal of controlling his epilespsy but as a result of the operation he suffered from severe anterograde amnesia. After the operation, he could not commit new events to long-term memory. He could remember events from before the operation for the rest of his life. His working memory and procedural memory were intact. After the operation,
A person with dissociative amnesia cannot recall personal information as a result of a traumatic event. The person does possess “autobiographical memory” but they cannot assess the memory. The individual will not be able to recall events from a certain period but it
This week's paper is quite a challenge but one that can sure be conquered, herein we will discuss a research study on Alzheimer's. Alzheimer's is a disease that is devastating and had symptoms that are similar to amnesia, however amnesia is sudden and Alzheimer's comes on slowly. Subsequently, in Anterograde amnesia which is normally cause from brain trauma, in this form you cannot remember new information, but your memory before the event is intact(Spielman et al., 2014, p. 275). Moreover, Retrograde amnesia you cannot recall all or some of your past, since Alzheimer's can present with similar symptoms to these forms of forgetfulness, they can seem similar. However, Amnesia can be treated and with time the brain can occasionally cure
This is where retrieval cues come in. For example: when you make an account online, you must set up a password and on top of that, you have set some sort of hints just in case you might forget. Retrieval cues is that. It is details or hints that help you trace back to your memory recollection and select the appropriate one and bring it back. Retrieval failure can occur from interfering like certain memories get in the way. Interferences can be either proactive or retroactive where the old memory blocking the learning of new memory or vice versa. Last but not least, some memories we forgotten because we do it purposely to keep it out of our mind. The reason to that is because it associated with pain and hardship. A good example of this is your first break up. After spending a tremendous amount of time or exquisite bonding. You and your significant broke up and that left a huge scar on you. You told yourself to keep it out of your mind as it will be too painful for you to ever remember it again. Eventually this memory will be suppressed to point where it will be difficult to
Losing one’s memory can be a mysterious affliction, and the causes can be quite complex. Severe memory loss is introduced in author Oliver Sacks’ collection of stories The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, and lectures given by professor Jim Davies can help with understanding of some of the concepts introduced in the book. In chapter two, The Lost Mariner, the patient Jimmie is suffering from aspects of both retrograde and anterograde amnesia, which Davies explained as loss of memory of events or facts learned before an event (the event that caused the amnesia), and loss of ability to create new memories after the event, respectively. In more detail, and in relation to our book (here, the target example), retrograde amnesia would consist of any loss of memory that happened prior to an event, such as an injury or onset of disease in Jimmie’s case. Dr. Davies’ explanation of retrograde amnesia helps to understand Jimmie’s case, where in the year 1975 he is unable to recall any events after 1945. As well, the explanation of anterograde amnesia as including symptoms such as inability to form new memories, learn information or tasks, or to recall the recent past is useful when applied to Jimmie’s experience of not being able to recall events that happened even a few minutes prior. Jimmie’s suffering from both retro and anterograde amnesia, as explained by Sacks, results from Korsakov’s syndrome – a destruction of memory caused by alcoholic
Case 1 tells the story of Henry Molaison (HM), a man with no memory. He lost his memory due to the operation of suctioned out the hippocampus to treat his epileptic seizures. At that time, it was not known yet that the hippocampus was essential for making memories. After operation, his seizures were significantly reduced, but Henry suffered a global amnesia. Owen et al. (2007) describes patients with global amnesia as perceptive and attentive but with a total loss of short-term memory and some trouble accessing memories of the recent past. Henry could not learn new things as he quickly forgot everything that he had learned. He could learn at a subconscious level only.