Symptoms And Treatment Of Active Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection in which nodules referred to as tubercles grows in the bodies tissues, especially on the lungs. Tuberculosis is a

Tuberculosis has been part of human history for a long time but how long is a long time? Recent research using genetic data has allowed us to know that the tuberculosis progenitor has been on this planet for about 3 million years affecting even our earlier ancestors (Gutierrez et al, 2005). Additionally this research showed that the bacilli from tuberculosis are capable of mixing sections of their genome with other strains and giving the pathogen a composite assembly, which resulted from ancient horizontal exchanges before its clonal expansion. This quality provided tuberculosis a big advantage that even now a days allows the organism to evade, adapt and create resistance to treatments that were once successful. In order to fix current and

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria “Mycobacterium Tuberculosis” and is mainly causes infection of the lungs (WHO, 2016). Its mode of transmission is airborne, so it can be passed on by inhalation of airborne droplets which carrying the bacteria, when an infected patient coughs, sneezes, or spits the TB germs into the air (WHO, 1026). Among the symptoms of active TB are: cough with sputum and blood, chest pains, weakness, fever and night sweats (WHO, 2016). Most at risk to get the TB infection are people with weakened immune system such as people who are suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, severe kidney disease, silicosis and especially HIV infection (CDC, 2016). Children and Tobacco users are also at greater risk to fall ill with TB.

Tuberculosis (TB) is brought on by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The microorganisms more often than not assault the lungs, however TB microbes can assault any part of the body, for example, the kidney, spine, and mind. Not everybody infected with TB microbes gets to be sick. Therefore, two TB-related conditions exist: latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB infection. If not treated legitimately, TB can be deadly (CDC, 2016). TB microbes are spread through the air starting with one individual then onto the next. The TB microorganisms are put into the air when someone with TB illness of the lungs or throat coughs, talks, or sings. Individuals adjacent may take in these microscopic organisms and also become ill (CDC, 2016). Individuals with TB are well on the way to spreading it to individuals they invest time with consistently. This incorporates relatives, companions, and coworkers or classmates.

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that can be spread in the lungs, lymph nodes, and bloodstream and to any part of an organ in the body. They are two types of tuberculosis which, is active and

I will start with Latent TB which is most commonly known as inactive TB mainly because in this stage you have no symptoms of the disease. The second type of TB is Active TB which is the stage that you will begin to develop symptoms and feel sick. Third type of TB is Pulmonary TB which takes place in the blood and oxygen of the body. Finally the fourth type is Extrapulmonary TB which is when the disease spreads to other parts of the human body to effect different types of organs.

The Alveolar Macrophages is a boundary that separates the human body from the outside world, also it’s the primary phagocytes of the innate immune system, which clears the air spaces from infectious, toxic, or allergic particles that have entered the body, and it’s the defence of the respiratory tract. So if the Macrophages does succeed in killing the bacteria, the bacteria starts to replicate, until the Macrophages would burst. After this stage it develops into a disease called Latent Tuberculosis (TB), in this stage the bacteria stays within the body but doesn’t harm it, therefor it won’t cause the individual to get sick. But it will get awakened if the host’s immune system gets weak due to some other disease or illness. If the Latent TB does become active then its lead to reproductive stage. The TB then starts to reproduce Asexually meaning that it reproduces with itself. From here the bacteria’s numbers multiply rapidly, this process is called the Binary Fission. After a period of time, the bacteria is no longer able to multiply in the tubercles due to the bacteria producing anoxic conditions, but even then the bacteria is able to survive for a long time. You immune system tries to destroy this harmful bacteria but in the process might also destroy some parts of your tissue in your body to

Tuberculosis is one of the major causes of death from many infectious diseases (3). Out of 9 million people who are infected with mycobacteria, about 2 million deaths occur from tuberculosis every year (3). Unfortunately, the prevalence of tuberculosis is in a continuous increase due to increased number of Human immunodeificnecy virus (HIV) patients, bacterial resistance to anti-tuberculous drugs, and growing number of recreational drug users (3). The pathogen responsible for bacterial infection, potentially causing tuberculosis, is mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) (2). Persons with adequate immune system can control the bacterial infection so mycobacteria remain dormant for a long time (11). In a typical tuberculous granuloma, mature

Tuberculosis is an airborne transmitted infection that can be spread through the droplet nuclei of someone talking, coughing or sneezing. The mycobacteria are small in size, so it can remain airborne for minutes or hours2, making it highly transmittable. Not everyone who becomes infected with tuberculosis becomes sick, and as a result tuberculosis has two known conditions: primary TB and latent TB. Primary tuberculosis presents as follows: Once the infectious droplet is inhaled it becomes lodged in the airways alveoli where it becomes ingested by alveolar macrophages. Once inside the macrophage, the mycobacteria replicate and spread to the hilar lymph nodes of the lymphatic system. After 2-8 weeks of infection, cell mediated immunity

Developing tuberculosis disease involves two distinct transitions- first, from being exposed to being infected and second, from being infected to developing the disease.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial infection that affects millions of people globally. It is a contagious disease that is spread through the air, and it usually affects the lungs. It is transmitted from person to person through droplets from the respiratory tract of those who are already infected with the disease. Some who are infected with the bacteria that causes TB often exhibit no symptoms, because their immune systems stop the bacteria from growing and multiplying. Those with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to developing the full blown disease which can cause symptoms that include coughing, spitting blood, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, and fever. Tuberculosis can be treated with a six to nine month course of a combination of antibiotics. If left untreated, TB will spread and can be fatal.

Tuberculosis does show any different physical signs than regular tuberculosis. Both forms of tuberculosis show coughing for more than 3 weeks, coughing up blood or mucus, chest pain, fatigue/weakness, weight loss and loss of appetite, fever, and chills (1). Tuberculosis is easily caught by a new patient because the air that is contaminated by a carrier of the bacteria who has been in the room for a rather long time. Meaning if a person visits the carrier and goes into the carrier’s bedroom for an extended length of time, then that person could possibly contract tuberculosis. Not only is immediate contact a key factor in developing tuberculosis, health, where a person lives, and if that person developed tuberculosis in the past. These factors all accumulate and help in the spread of the disease from person to person.

There are basically three categories of TB infections. There is the dormant TB where the person is infected by the TB but does not show the symptoms. This may be so until the immune system is compromised due to some infections like HIV or cancer. The second type is the active TB which comes with all the possible symptoms of TB. Then there is the drug resistant TB that is more resilient to the medications that one may be subjected to yet the symptoms are also fully raised.

The success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) lies in its ability to persist within humans for longer periods without causing any disease symptoms known as latent infection (LTBI). About 2 billion people are estimated to be latently infected and might reactivate into active TB disease (Kasprowicz et al., 2011). Because of the huge reservoir of latently infected individuals, diagnosis and treatment of latent TB infection has obtained increasing importance as a public health measure to control TB. In depth knowledge about the biology of dormant M. tuberculosis is important to develop new therapeutic tools for latent TB (Barry et al., 2009). Several lines of evidence link latent tuberculosis and inhibition of M.

When one inhales air coughed out by TB patients, the infection is referred to as primary tuberculosis. In most instances, most people get infected with primary tuberculosis, but since its severity is minimal, there are higher chances of recovery (CDC 17). The infection rate of primary tuberculosis depends on the strength of an individual’s immune system.