Symptoms And Treatment Of Acute Pharyngitis

5. Streptococcal career status that is not responsive to medical therapy in children or families at risk

P. aeruginosa is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium that thrives in moist environmental reservoirs such as in the soil, water and plants8, 9. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that infects immunocompromised individuals, lending to its association with life-threatening illnesses10. In addition to pulmonary infections in CF patients, P. aeruginosa is frequently found in nosocomial infections11. As such, P. aeruginosa is recognized for its medical importance in clinical infections.

NRS-433V Week 5 - Evidence-Based Practice Presentation - Healthcare Associated Infections [12 Slides + Speaker Notes]

Ms. T is an eight year old African American female that presents to Dr. Bill’s Kids today with complaints of her tonsils bothering her again. She has been to this office three times in the past three months with complaints of swollen tonsils and painful swallowing. Each time, she has tested positive for Group A Streptococcus also known as GAS. Her mother is with her today and reports that she had strep throat in the past multiple times about two or three times a year, but it is becoming much more frequent. She began complaining of scratchy throat in the morning and at night, but the symptoms quickly progressed to painful swallowing of solids and liquids. Popsicles are the only thing she will even consider eating at this time because they alleviate the pain.

When CAP occurs, it is determined if the need for hospitalisation is necessary as it depends on the seriousness of the infection. Gram- positive organisms such as S. pneumoniae, naturally occur in the upper respiratory tract, is one cause of lower respiratory infections such as pneumonia, but is also a culprit in causing upper respiratory infections like otitis media. H. influenzae is just one of many bacterial infections that can result in CAP, it therefore can be subacute and present with a low-grade fever and a persistent cough for a few weeks before a patient has a diagnosis. Adults that have very little or no immunity are an easier target for certain viruses such as that of the Cytomegalovirus, which is a viral pathogen that is commonly contracted within the community, other common virus are adenovirus and herpes simplex. When a virus starts to become acute, it starts an infection within the ciliated cells within the airway. When pneumonia occurs from this viral infection, the inflammatory action starts to seep into the alveolar areas and leads to the problem of excess exudation and oedema within the respiratory tract. It is sometimes often difficult to differentiate symptoms of a viral pneumonia from that of bacterial pneumonia (Smeltzer &

Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A streptococcus (GAS), is a β-hemolytic, Gram-positive bacterium that most commonly causes respiratory disease, including pharyngitis or tonsillitis, as well as skin infections such as impetigo and cellulitis. The organism is transmitted via respiratory droplets or by contact with fomites, and commonly infects young children. In addition to the common clinical presentations associated with S. pyogenes, some individuals develop the postinfectious sequelae of rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Due to the severity of these medical consequences, prophylactic antibiotic use is often recommended for any patients with otherwise mild S. pyogenes infections (21).

Group B Streptococcus agalactiae is an important Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that cause a wide variety of clinical infections, ranging from septicemia to meningitis. The reported lethality of severe S. agalactiae infections is ranging from 4 to 6% in the United States. Of note, it has been suggested that the incidence of neonatal disease is considerably greater than reported, because the requirement for positive cultures from blood or cerebrospinal fluid may underestimates the true burden of disease. Therefore, in this review I focused on virulence factors of S. agalactiae in order to elucidate aspects of the infection.

Streptococcus Pyogenes is a very diverse bacteria with effects ranging from nothing or a mild sore throat, to flesh eating disease, causing death in 40-60% of patients. The major and most common illnesses associated with this bacteria

I decided to look at the bacteria Streptococcus for my paper. I chose this particular bacteria because my daughter just got over having strep throat and I have been told that I may be a carrier of it. Strep throat is caused by the bacteria Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Group A). I will tell you in this paper what the signs and symptoms, ways it is diagnosed, and treatment options are for group A streptococcus more commonly known as Strep Throat.

Tonsillitis can be described as the inflammation of the non-encapsulated lymphoid structures, lingual and palatine tonsils. These lymphoid tissues are part of the immune system and are the first line of defence against pathogens in the oral cavity. The palatine and lingual tonsils are located underneath the stratified squamous epithelial mucosa of the tongue and oropharynx. The tonsils’ response to bacterial or viral infections of the epithelial mucosa, e.g. streptococci and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is inflammation and enlargement of the tonsils and antibody responses, largely IgA. Symptoms of tonsillitis include Sore throat and fever.

Pharyngitis (a sore throat) is considered to be an infection of the back of the throat which include the tonsils and is caused by streptococcal (Fine, Nizet, & Mandl, 2013). During the winter months, more than 12 million people are seen in the ED complaining of a sore throat (Fine, Nizet, & Mandl, 2013). The pharyngitis can be caused by group A streptococcal (GAS) or acute pharyngitis (viral). The symptoms of streptococcal and viral pharyngitis are so similarity that the two cannot be differentiated by their clinical signs and symptom. An adequate distinction should be made between the two according to the American College of Physicians and Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and clinical scores were applied to classify risk for GAS

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a gram-positive, and is part of human natural flora. This is an opportunistic pathogen, and needs a compromise immune system to develop and thrive. Neonatal meningitis is one of many bacterial infection caused by S. epidermidis. This infection is very serious in infants, Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges and is more common in the neonatal period. Major systems include temperature instability, respiratory distress, jaundice, apnea. More specifically is paradoxical irritability, in which cuddling and consoling by a parent irritates rather than comforts the neonate. Without proper treatment the mortality rate for this disease is almost 100%, however with proper treatment the mortality rate is lower to

Streptococcus pneumoniae is found worldwide. The common host is the human body, in which it often does not cause disease but at other times it can cause diseses in particular, pneumonia. It also causes otitis media, bacteremia, meningitis, peritonitis, and sinusitis. The route by which this organism is spread is from human to human in the form of aerosol droplets. When inside the host the organism’s primary site of pneumococcal colonization is the nasopharynx. From this site it can aspire to the lungs, eventually spread to the blood and traverse the blood-brain barrier to the meninges, once inside the blood it can cause infections throughout the body. Symptoms of the disease include sudden

The most common organisms associated with adult bacteria rhinosinusitis are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza (Arcangelo, 2013). These organisms are the normal flora seen in healthy individuals, when over populated, they invade the sinuses, causing acute rhinosinusitis. Morazella catarrhalis is mostly seen in children. Other less frequently seen organisms are A Streptococcus, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes (Arcangelo, 2013).

It is an infection caused by pathogens such as viruses, but more likely bacteria, especially when children are getting sick. In particular, the "responsible" is the number one affection Streptococcus, to be defeated, as we shall see in a moment, with the right