A 63-year-old male patient is admitted for an infected surgical incision of fasciotomy in the right low extremity blow the knee. He is medically diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and femoral popliteal bypass surgery is performed to treat the blocked area of femoral artery in the leg. Postoperatively acute compartment syndrome occurred in the affected leg. Fasciotomy is used to treat muscular bleeding inside that increases pressure in the compartment. The leading cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which gradually narrows the intima of the arterial wall (Lewis, Heitkemper & Bucher, 2014). The narrowed artery reduces perfusion to the extremities, especially the lower extremities, and results in lower extremity …show more content…
It looks very red (dependent rubor) compared to the other leg. It feels cool and his toe nails are thick and brittle. The skin of the leg looks taut and shiny with no hair. He states he has no pain in the leg but experiences sharp pain when pressure is applied around his ankle area. After breakfast, he moves to the bed, and the leg’s skin color becomes less reddish. His blood pressure in the morning on that day is within the targeted range, 115/66, left arm, sitting position. He has no fever and is alert and oriented x4. He is on contact isolation that requires gowns and gloves with a sign on the door per hospital protocol. His related functional changes are decreased activity tolerance due to insufficient peripheral perfusion to the lower extremities and emotional changes – depression and anxiety about his medical condition and a loss of functional capacity affecting his ability to work and daily living activities. Diagnostic Tests The patent takes IV antibiotic, Vancomycin, due to a post-op wound infection and sepsis. Vancomycin trough needs to be monitored during his antibiotic treatment to keep the blood concentration of Vancomycin remaining in the therapeutic range and prevent any side effects such as nephrotoxicity, phlebitis, hypotension, and ototoxicity. On the morning of April 3, the result of Vancomycin trough is
Physical therapy saw the patient, and the result of the examination are as follows; 6/10 left knee pain at rest and during activity (0 no pain, 10 worst pain), manual muscle testing for both upper and lower extremities were 4/5 except left knee flexion/extension 3+/5 due to pain, sensation on both UE/LE were intact to light touch, Stephen requires a moderate assistance of one person for both functional mobility and gait activity. He uses a front wheeled walker up to 35 feet due to decreased balance and antalgic gait from the left knee
After the obstruction was detected with the arteriogram, the patient underwent percutaneous catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy with alteplase in order to regain blood flow and nutrients to the right foot and lower leg. This choice of therapy is chosen with the goal to quickly dissolve the arterial obstruction (National Institute of Health, 2014b). Although the TPA in alteplase will not restore the damaged or
During the first six sifts of my clinical practice at Eagle Ridge Hospital I provided care to a 62 year old male patient with bilateral below the knee amputation. The patient has a history of osteomyelitis related to the poorly controlled diabetes type II. The left foot was amputated two years ago. The left stump was well healed. However, the patient had been suffering from the phantom limb pain controlled by gabapentin. The right foot was amputated a month ago. The right stump was healing well. The edges of the wound were well approximated, with small amount of serous exudate. The dressing was to be changed daily as per doctor's order. The type of dressing was specified by the wound care nurse.
FD performed a focused trauma assessment to find no noticeable abnormalities, limited range of motion, and restricted circulation w/ pale acrocyanosis.
The patient is an 86-year-old female who was brought to the emergency room because of bilateral leg swelling. She was recently discharged from the Arbor Glen Reha and she's developed increasing bilateral leg edema. Her medical history is significant for hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease stage II, anemia which is a chronic, ulcer in the sacral ulcer stage III and she denies any other symptoms. Review of the lab work does show a bump in her creatinine from 1.27 baseline in February of 18 to 1.54 on this admission with an increase in her BUN. She also demonstrates a mild anemia of 10 with a MCV of 90. Her edema is described as massive by the attending physician. PT examination reveals she needs significant assistance to moneuver her
Pedal pulse are usually decreased or absent during this stage. The second stage of PAD is claudication also known as the “limb” stage. In this stage, patient usually begin to seek medical attention due to pain in the legs known as intermittent claudication. A nurse assessing a patient with intermittent claudication will expect to find muscle pain, cramping, or burning during exercise. This pain usually goes away with rest but, during the third stage of PAD known as rest pain, the patient continues to experience pain even while at rest. This pain usually occur in the toes, arch, forefoot or heal and is described as numbness, or burning tooth ache pain. Placing extremity in a dependent position usually relieves the pain. The fourth and last stage of PAD is the necrosis or gangrene stage which comprises of ulcers and blacken tissue on the toes, forefoot and heel with a gangrenous odor. Depending on the extend of the disease, a nurse assessing a patient with PAD will find coldness, hair loss , cyanosis or darkened on the lower extremities; scaly, dusky, pale, or mottled skin, harden toenail, pallor when extremity is elevated, and redness when extremity is lowered (med
In the Emergency Department, his vital signs showed a blood pressure of 175/89 mmHg, a heart rate of 54 beats per minute, and a temperature of
In general, muscle strength declines, pain and atrophy become present, as well as swallowing and respiratory complications. Some patients may present with malaise, sleep apnea, decreased tolerance of cold temperatures, fatigue with minimal activity, diminished endurance, joint pain, and muscle weakness (SOURCE). Since there is a deterioration in the lower extremities, a patient may overuse the upper extremity to compensate. Kosaka et al. (2013), reported there are typically "asymmetrical paralysis and muscle atrophy more often affecting the lower limb rather than the upper limbs." The overcompensation or use of the upper extremity is likely to be the only way a person can stay independent for a longer duration of
“The possible existence of an inherited genetic predisposition to PAD has been investigated in numerous familial aggregation studies.” Aravind, L. (2017). PAD patients suffer through many symptoms everyday in which they cannot control: Painful cramping in your hip, thigh or calf muscles after certain activities, such as walking or climbing stairs, leg numbness or weakness, coldness in your lower leg or foot, a change in the color of your legs, and experiencing no pulse or a weak pulse in your legs or feet. Although these conditions will not kill you, they will alter your way of living. The condition itself is not fatal but the effects of the disease may become a leading cause of death. When blood flow is limited, a variety of problems may arise. If symptoms are severe, foot or leg amputation may be a devastating outcome. Since a plenitude of patients have a joint connection with atherosclerosis, many people with PAD die from a heart attack, sudden cardiac arrest, or stroke. Having PAD often affects a person's lifestyle. A person who experiences pain while walking
The key pathophysiological mechanism that influence complications associated with PVD is impaired perfusion in the lower limbs that causes limb ischaemia. PVD can be asymptomatic; however, symptomatic PVD includes intermittent claudication (IC) and critical limb ischemia (CLI). IC is the symptom of pain in the lower limbs on exertion which is alleviated by resting. CLI is the most progressed form of PVD, and is distinguished by rest pain, ischaemic ulceration, and foot gangrene. CLI patient has a high risk of limb loss and death. Mr. Guzys was diagnosed with acute arterial embolism in his right popliteal artery that resulted in acute limb ischaemia (ALI). ALI is the sudden interruption in limb perfusion, caused by thrombosis or embolism,
0700 Pt in his room awake getting ready for breakfast with the assistance of CNA. No sign of distress noted at this time………………………………...L.Gotora PNS2/WATC
Impaired skin integrity related to limited mobility, impaired tissue perfusion, decreased cardiac output, altered nutritional and hydration status, increased moisture, decreased sensory perception and excess weight as evidenced by patient being bed reddened 95% of the day, +2-+3 peripheral edema, stage III- IV coccyx pressure ulcer, drainage from the coccyx ulcer, high blood pressure, decreased oxygen saturation between 85-95 % 2L NP, weak peripheral pulses, obesity, excessively dry skin, sores on both legs (blister-like), denial of pain regarding dressing changes, and excessive diaphoresis with movement secondary to CHF, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and non-insulin dependent type II diabetes.
First, I would like to emphasize the value of accurately diagnose a patient with PAD. Diagnosing a patient with PAD should not be taken for granted due to substantial reasons: Patients may suffer from complications related to PAD, including periodic disability of walking, critical limb ischemia, arterial insufficiency ulcers, frequent hospitalization, coronary revascularization and amputation (Hirsch et al., 2006). These contribute to the poor general well-being and causing a greater rate of depression (McDermott et al., 2003; Regensteiner et al., 2008). Patients with PAD are likely to
Based on the given information of Case study 1, Matt is suffering from musculoskeletal system effects. Since he has a surgery recently and his leg is immobilized, there will be complications that follow afterward. The strength loss of the immobilized part of the body decreases very quickly. After 3-5 weeks of immobility due to bed bound, almost one half of the strength of the muscular strength is lost. Furthermore, the lack of activity of a certain part impairs the venous return, which causes accumulation of blood in dependent area of the body, leads to dependent edema and a decrease in cardiac output.
The patient states that he last few weeks he has been taking Mortin and soaking his feet in warm water with no improvement.