Symptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder

Risperidone has been utilized as an atypical antipsychotic and prescribed since 1994. It is mainly used for treatment in those with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and irritability in autism spectrum disorder. Risperidone has multiple types of administration and the most common is oral tablet form. This can be used in adults or adolescents, but is closely monitored when used with children. The side effects for Risperidone should be taken into consideration by both prescribers and prescribed. Finally, Risperidone should not be used while pregnant or nursing due to potential side effects carried from mother to child. This second generation antipsychotic has been used for many years and will continue to be prescribed in practice.

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depressive disorder, is defined as “a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks” (1). According to the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance, this disorder affects approximately 5.7 million people age 18 and older in the United States annually (2). There are a few different categories of this disorder including Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, and Cyclothymic

In this paper I will provide an overview of bipolar II disorder, a personal case history, and treatment plans using solution-focused therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy to treat a client with bipolar II diagnosis.

Bipolar disorder, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), is “a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels,” and

Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic- depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes out of the ordinary shifts in a person’s mood, energy and having the ability to do everyday tasks. Bipolar affects millions of people every year (1 % of population) per year. This particular type of disorder does not only affect one particular person, it also affects the people around them (family, friends). Bipolar disorder was discovered in 1875 by a man of the name of Jules Falret and was able to establish a link between depression, suicide and somewhat moods which were filled with joy, excitement and happiness . As the disorder was discovered he was able to determine that there was a link within families which meant that this disorder was a genetic link. Bipolar throughout time has struggled in the early ages as people did not believe that it was a legitimate illness as two moods seemed impossible for that period of time and it almost seemed fake. In the 1980’s the term “bipolar” replaced the term manic- depressive disorder as a diagnostic term. Since the discovery of Bipolar disorder researchers, doctors and Psychologists have come a long way in fully understanding the different types of moods that an individual can achieve and how they can be diagnosed. Bipolar once was confused with now known as other mental disorders such as unipolar depression ( ‘depression without mania is sometimes referred to as unipolar because the mood remains at one emotional state or

Bipolar disorder (BP) is a debilitating mental illness that is found in 2% of the population and that onsets in late adolescence and early adulthood (Fabbri et al., 2014). The causes and treatment of BP are not known however there are many biological and cognitive theories (Myers, 2013). The types of treatment include various medications and types of therapy such as cognitive behavior therapy (Abrams, 2004). The very important question that needs to be asked is whether cognitive behavior therapy is a more effective treatment for bipolar disorder than multiple types of medications.

Genetics and the environment play a definite role in bipolar disorders and neurotransmitter regulation, or lack thereof, is the joining factor between the two. Depression and mania are the left and right limits to bipolar disorder and there is quite a bit that can happen in between.

Bipolar Disorder is a mood disorder that affects approximately 2.6% of adults over the age of 18 years old in the United States. The disorder is characterized by mood shifts from low depressed states to high manic states. Little is known of what the causes of bipolar disorder are, but as technology advances more research is being done to pinpoint the areas of the brain that cause bipolar disorder and the shifts in mood. One intriguing area of study for a possible cause surrounds NMDA receptors and their role in synaptic plasticity. This paper will explore the possible alternative treatment that has arisen from the research into NMDA receptors and the use of the drug Ketamine, an NMDA antagonist. In studies, Ketamine treatments

One of the greatly investigated neurological disorders is Bipolar Disorder. Regrettably, due to social stigma, funding issues, and a lack of education, many who are dealing with this disorder do not receive adequate treatment. Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, it is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, and the ability to carry out normal daily tasks. Symptoms of the disorder are severe and diverse from the normal ups and downs that everyone goes through to more strange behavior. Bipolar disorder symptoms can cause severe damaged to relationships, cause bad job performance and bad school performance. In some of the more severe case may even lead to suicide for those who are dealing with

The causes of Bipolar Disorder can be considered in two groups: those that work their way out from inside, and those that work their way inside from without. Considering the first, we can list these as: genes, chemistry and the hormones in our bodies. The cause that we most often hear about is that of genes. These provide the recipes for the make-up of proteins. Proteins ultimately affect the brain, body and our behaviour – in essence, us. Similarly, the body and the environment can, surprisingly, alter genes. In Bipolar Disorder, the fraction of risk that can be attributed to genes is probably around 50% or less and the remainder is made up by environmental influences. A number of possible genes have been identified and the effects of treatments are also being explored. Many exciting developments have occurred, particularly in Bipolar Disorder and now we’re moving on from examining genes that cause the illness to, perhaps, specific aspects of Bipolar Disorder itself, perhaps even, being able to predict response. Environmental and demographic factors that are important include, factors related to birth, personal background, social and family background. History of medical conditions is also important. However, there is no strong evidence for association between other demographic factors, such as gender or ethnicity, and Bipolar Disorder.

This is a 25 year old African American female still grieving the loss of her mother who presents with fatigue, lack of appetite, sleep disturbances, suicidal ideations, and anhedonia.

Bipolar disorder, also called manic-depressive disorder, is a disease that affects thousands of people all over the United States of America. According to Sarris (2011) approximately 1-2% of adults will be affected by bipolar disorder in their lifetime. While some individuals may go undiagnosed, the prevalence percentage can raise to as much as 4% when including milder subclinical presentations (Sarris, 2011). Bipolar disorder can cause severe dysfunction in the lives of those afflicted with it. Family life, job status, and other social experiences can all be negatively impacted. This is especially true of people who do not obtain

Though the cause of BD is unknown, both psychological and biological conceptualisations have been made. Family, twin and adoption studies suggest that BD has a strong genetic predisposition component (Goodwin & Jamison, 1990; Nurnberger & Gershon, 1992), as genetic variance accounts for up to 80% of variance in BD , showing a strong genetic link (Alloy et al., 2005). Adoption studies have found that bipolar I or II patients affective disorders at 31% in biological parents and 12% in adoptive parents , demonstrating that bipolar disorder may be a cause of biological influences. . Further, a growing body of evidence suggests that environmental influences haves an important impact on the onset of BD (Johnson &

Each of the different colleagues that did this study has each come up with their own idea/stages of how bipolar becomes present in an individual.. What is known is that bipolar sometimes has a genetic component and can run in families (WebMD, 2015). Even though a family can have multiple children, only one might end up with this disorder. They are all growing up in the same environment as each other. But all of the individuals are not the same, they all might have different life style choices and have different genes then the other siblings. Maybe the gene with the bipolar disorder is not triggered with one of the individuals that makes better life style choice, while the one that does have this disorder might smoke and make bad life style choices. Simple little things can trigger the onset of this disorder. Something that triggers it for one person might have absolutely no impact on another individual. Everyone is different and reacts different to different scenarios.

There are millions of people around the world who are suffering from some type of mental illness. Many people in the United States suffer from various types of mental disabilities. Sadly, there are many people who aren’t aware they are suffering from illness and it may take them well into adulthood to be diagnosed correctly. One mental illness, a mood disorder called Bipolar Disorder, happens to be an illness that 1% of the population has been diagnosed with. It is equally found in both women and men and is usually diagnosed within someone’s teen years or early adulthood. After the disorder is diagnosed, it is imperative that treatment with medication and various types of therapy are incorporated into the patient’s lives (Fast 2006).