Symptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder II Essay

The central focus of this paper will be Bipolar disorder and how it relates to nursing. Bipolar disorder can be classified into two sections: bipolar I and bipolar II. Bipolar I involves periods of potentially unprovoked mood swings from mania to depression (Joseph Goldberg, 2014). Bipolar II is a less harsh form of mood elevation, causing milder episodes of hypomania that may alternate with spurts of deep depression (Joseph Goldberg, 2014). As a future nurse I am more than likely to cross paths with someone who is bipolar, whether it be in a hospital or residential setting. Bipolar disorder like most disorders has many negative stigmas associated with it. It is important that when treating a patient with bipolar disorder a nurse knows that to expect and what to do but still remain compassionate and caring to the individual. This paper will include assessments, diagnosis, and treatments.

Bipolar Disorder or manic-depressive disorder is a disorder characterized by highs, manias, and lows, depressions, and can therefore be easily distinguished from unipolar depression, a major depressive disorder in DSM-5, by the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes (Miklowitz & Gitlin, 2014). Bipolar disorder is generally an episodic, lifelong illness with a variable course (American Psychiatric Association, 2010). There are two classifications of bipolar disorder; bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder. If the episodes are primarily manic but there has been at least one depressive episode, the diagnosis is bipolar I disorder (Early, 2009). If the episodes are primarily depressed but there has been at least one episode of hypomania, increased mood that is more euphoric than normal but not quite manic, the diagnosis is bipolar II disorder (Early, 2009).

I became curious about Bipolar Disorder after learning about how this disorder manifests and how much of a range from highs to lows a person can experience with this disorder. In fact, more than 5 million people in the United States have bipolar disorder and about one third of the cases of bipolar disorder begin in adolescence, which means it can begin in childhood, too. The disorder is really difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are relatively common, so suffering individuals will often ignore the symptoms. Bipolar disorder is caused by lack of stability, and can be diagnosed if someone has rapid alternation between manic and depression symptoms. The movie “Mean Girls” (2004) shows how teenage girls change and feel in their social development during their adolescence at school. The characters have many psychological problems, and one of the characters, Gretchen Wieners, has bipolar disorder. Some parts of the movie show that she has taken both sides of an elevated and depressed mood, which fits the description of bipolar disorder, also referred to as ‘manic depression.’ So the movie “Mean Girls” portrays bipolar disorder well in that its symptoms of mania and depression were well matched to the behaviors of character Gretchen Wieners.

In this book the author discusses her own dealings with Bipolar Disorder. She goes on to say how it has affected her and the sufferings she has faced over the years. She talks about bipolar disorder at its most earliest stage in life and into the adult aspects in life. Just like the author Jeanetter Plunkett, she also talks about the effects of bipolar disorder on family members and friends, which also supports my thesis statement.

Bipolar disorder (BP) is a debilitating mental illness that is found in 2% of the population and that onsets in late adolescence and early adulthood (Fabbri et al., 2014). The causes and treatment of BP are not known however there are many biological and cognitive theories (Myers, 2013). The types of treatment include various medications and types of therapy such as cognitive behavior therapy (Abrams, 2004). The very important question that needs to be asked is whether cognitive behavior therapy is a more effective treatment for bipolar disorder than multiple types of medications.

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression or bipolar affective disorder is a mood disorder where the patient experiences episodes of extreme highs known as mania and extreme lows known as depression. Periods of mania and depression vary per person. A person who is displaying a manic episode shows typical symptoms of elevated mood, extreme happiness or irritability, hyperactivity, racing thoughts, unrealistic beliefs, and behaving impulsively. Within a depressed episode, the patient will display symptoms such as overly long period of feeling sad or hopeless, loss of interest in activities,

Bipolar II disorder is a relatively common mental illness that affects upwards of 6 million United States citizens. This disease is very complex and often difficult to diagnose. What makes this illness clinically unique is that it is characterized by extreme mood swings that alternate between extreme highs and extreme lows. Bipolar II differs from bipolar I disorder, as that the high moods of bipolar II are milder than bipolar I, which means that bipolar II patients spend more time in the low depressive states of their cycling mood. Bipolar II is often much more difficult to diagnose than bipolar I (Parker 18), which is why it is the subject of this literature review. The criteria used to diagnose bipolar II and the interpretation of these criteria is subject of continuous scholarly debate. Researchers suggest that the difficulty in diagnosing bipolar II disorder stem from an inconsistency in diagnostic criteria, an underrepresentation of hypomanic symptoms and most notably, confusion between other psychiatric disorders.

Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by episodes of mania, hypomania, or depression. The condition is most commonly seen in individuals age 18-20. Depression is typically the mood at onset of the disorder. Major depression is characterized by low mood, impaired sleep, changes in appetite, weight changes, low, energy, and abnormal concentration. Mania is normally described as episodes of heightened or elevated mood, grandiose thoughts, nights with little sleep, pressured speech, and participation in risky behaviors. Hypomania is a milder form of mania.

Bipolar disorder, "also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day task" (National Institute of Mental Health 1). The behaviors are so extreme that most people cannot function at work, in family or social situations, or any relationship with some people. Sadly, some may even have suicidal thought. According to the National Institute of Health there are" about 5.7 million adult that have this disorder," (1). The disorder seems eerie and has many people diagnosed. It is intended through the passage to have a more understanding on why a tragedy such as this disorder occurs in the human brain and what are some medications or

My patient has been diagnosed with several mental disorders. The major diagnosis would be bipolar disorder. She also suffers from borderline personality disorder, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety. The American Psychiatric Association 's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder defines bipolar disorder as a recurrent mood disorder that includes periods of mania or mixed episodes of mania and depression (Murphy, 2012, p. 44-50). It was previously known as manic depressive disorder. It is most common in young adult hood. It usually affects people in their early twenties. Bipolar disorder does not prejudice any particular gender, age, or race. Bipolar disorder is a disorder that affects a person’s mood. The person’s mood changes from mania to depressive very rapidly. According to Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA), bipolar disorder shortens a person’s life expectancy almost ten years, mainly due to suicide. It is very important to know what to look for in a client with bipolar disorder and how to keep those living with this condition safe (Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance [DBSA], n.d.).

"Bipolar disorder can also be referred to as manic-depressive illness." (NIMH 1) It is a brain disorder which causes a drastic change in an individual 's behavior, mood, activity levels, and their ability to complete everyday tasks. Before we talk about the aspects of the disorder, we need to understand two important definitions. "One being a 'manic episode ' which is a period of abnormal and persistent elevated, irritable mood that lasts at least a week. This episode must cause noticeable difficulty at work, school, social activities, or relationships. The other definition being 'hypomanic episode ' which is a period of abnormal and persistent elevated, irritable mood that lasts at least four days. During this episode, changes are

Bipolar disorder is a chemical imbalance in the mind that has yet to be unwound; it causes numerous emotional episodes that can happen immediately without a word. With a number of mental illnesses to diagnose them, it requires significant time and perception with a health care provider. Treatment is additionally a viewpoint that takes arranging and reflection, generally on how the patient feels in response to the solution that they are taking and different types of treatment. Albeit, bipolar disorder is a complex ailment to diagnose, there are a few option medicines utilized as a part of conjunction with drugs that can be successful in dealing with this mental illness.

Writer obtained the information for this clinical presentation from the interviews with the individual, records from the chart and from asking my supervisor about the person’s history and current goals.

Disorder history, In the 19th century psychiatry, mania had a broad meaning of craziness, hypomania was equated by some concepts of “partial insanity” or monomania. Bipolar disorder origins in 1854, Jules Baillarger and Jean-Pierre Falret, independently present descriptions of the disorder to Academie de Medicine in Paris. German neuropsychiatrist Emanuel Mendel in 1881 wrote “that he recommended using words by Hippocrates to name those types of mania that show less severe ‘hypomania’ (wikipedia.org, n.d.). Carl Gustav Jung in 1903 wrote a paper about the first diagnostic distinction to be made between manic and depression involving mania followed by the involvement of hypomania. By 1975, Jung’s distinction between hypomania and mania gained support. Fieve and Dunner published an article about only individuals in manic state require hospitalization. The presentation of either the one state or the other differentiates two distinct diseases. This proposition was met with skepticism. Studies have since confirmed that bipolar II is a “phenomenologically” distinct disorder (www.psychologytoday.com, n.d.).