Symptoms And Treatment Of Cancer

One of them is Gleevec (Imatinib mesylate), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was called a “magical bullet”. This was the first targeted therapy drug used to treat cancer. It was invented in the late 1990’s, to treat “chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal growth”. Imatinib is tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Tyrosine kinase is a protein that cells use to signal to each other to grow (Iqbal and Iqbal, 2014, p.1). It works by preventing a tyrosine kinase enzyme and therefore inhibits growth factor-induced receptor phosphorylation and blocks the PDGF/PDGFR and P13-k/Akt pathway (Kheradmand, et.al.2016, p.83). According to Richardson (2010, p.679), the drug Velcade was also known as “Bortezomib” is useful in the treatment of multiple myelomas. The main goal of this drug is to lower the tumor growth significantly. The American cancer society (2013, para.20) studies show Bortezomib is a “proteasome inhibitor”. It works by blocking or slowing down the action of proteosome is to break down protein in both healthy and cancerous cells. When proteosome activity is blocked, proteins in the cells accumulate. This accumulation may cause cells to stop growing and multiplying, and cause them to die and Sutent (Sunitinib) is a drug used to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma. It is currently approved as a second-line treatment of MRCC. Sunitinib inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and stops the growth of tumors (Kolesar, et.al. 2008, pp.123 131). It is considered as a multi- targeted kinase inhibitor because it is a type of VEGF inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor, and it blocks an enzyme called tyrosine kinase. By doing all of this, it slows cancer growth and keeps tumors from making their own blood vessels to help them grow and spread (American

There are many different type of cancers, there are also many different types of treatments. One of the most known types of treatments would be chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can be used for a wide range of different types of cancers and diseases, and each of the different types of cancers or diseases require a different group, and sometimes order, of chemicals to properly treat the cancer or disease. These chemicals include: Alkylating agents, Antimetabolites, Anthracyclines, Topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, corticosteroids, and more. Each of these drugs previously listed have its own cancer type(s) or disease(s) that it can assist in treating. Some of these cancers include: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple

It has broad variety of anti-tumor activity and forms the backbone of combination chemotherapy regimes presently

may help kill certain cancer cells and reduce the size of others. Evidence from one cell culture study

Tis (Paget): Paget disease of the nipple not associated with DCIS/LCIS o T1: 20 mm but " '50 mm in greatest dimension o T3: >50 mm in greatest dimension

Niosomes can alter the metabolism; prolong circulation and half life of the drug, thus decrease the side effects of antineoplastic drugs. Niosomally entrapped methotrexate and doxorubicin showed beneficial effects over the free drug, such as decreased rate of proliferation of the tumor and higher plasma levels accompanied by slower elimination (9).

Paclitaxel works to treat cancers because it breakdowns the microtubules during cell division. Microtubules are part of the cell that is known for dividing and replicating itself. So by implementing this natural product in the process of chemotherapy it aims to target rapidly reproducing tumor cells in order to slow down or eliminate cancer. Taxol is in fact a natural product that is found in the yew pine tree that happens to grow very slowly. The bark of the tree needs to be peeled off in order to obtain the paclitaxel that so happens to kill the tree in the process. Some Paclitaxel has become essential in the medical field that it is on the World Health Organization’s list of essential medicines. In the case of producing the important drug where was a new way to create the drug faster since it takes a lot of time to create the drug naturally. According to A New Synthesis of Taxol from Baccatin III by Erkan Baloglu, “The partial synthesis of Taxol is very important when compared to that of direct isolation of Taxol from the western yew, since the availability of baccatin III or 10-DAB is greater than that of Taxol. Another advantage of the semi-synthetic approach is that various Taxol analogs, such as Taxotere, which may have improved bioactivity as compared with Taxol, can also be synthesized”(pg.32). Meaning that in this case producing medicine in a semisynthetic production it would yield equal results compared to the natural extraction of Taxol; however the semisynthetic can be produced in a faster mater compared to the natural form. The only difference in the performance and effectiveness of natural and synthesized (semi-synthesized taxon) is Taxotere, also known as Docetaxel that happens to be a production of the synthesized product. This products is twice as strong in potency compared to paclitaxel however, paclitaxel may cause fewer side

I can draw from these results that as the chemotherapeutic drug concentration is increased the cell viability decreases. In HEPG2 the viability at the control was 100% but when the drug was added at concentration of 40µm the cell viability decreased to 2.62%. From these examples we can deduce that the chemotherapeutic drug added is successful in its use and that it is targeting the cancerous cells. The drug damages the genes present inside the cell line

As the cancer continues to spread throughout society, many treatments are creating in order to help the patients during their time in need. Although the most popular and used often

Pathophysiology is in a short definition, how the body work when its not working right or there is a problem like disease, illness, or in this case cancer. Which mean how does your body work when you have cancer. When people have cancer there bodies do not promorm the same as they would if they did not have cancer. Pathogenese is all about how the cancer started and where. However the cancer would start would determine where it would be located. Say were talking about a tumor that randomly started in someones thigh. There would have to be an mutated cell that had a defect. Defective cells would try and kill themselves, which is called apoptosis, but sometimes they dont kill themselves. Those cells become cancer cells that start to spread. The

In "A Problem with How We Treat Cancer and How to Fix it,” Cindy Finch, the clinical social worker, argues that after being diagnosed with cancer five years ago, she could recover from the disease but not from her emotional condition. When she was recurring her medical visits, she noticed that doctors and hospitals are focus on the equipment, and medical resources that help people to survive their diagnosis, but they do not worry about the post-traumatic and emotional support for life after cancer. Finch, suggest that to optimize cancer recovery, medical community must integrate and turn psycho-social healthcare in a new phase of cancer treatment. Using help from a survivor specialist that assist and tech patients and their family, to find

In this case study, we have an eight year old boy who has a malignant tumor. The young man was treated at a city hospital, but the treatment failed him. The physician recommended that he undergoes a surgical procedure, but his family is very religious and they believe in the power of prayer, they are also fearful of the procedure going wrong. The family then refuses the surgery. The surgeon stresses that the surgery is the best option for the little boy if they want him to live, so the hospital is thinking about going over the family’s head and getting a court order approved so they may do surgery and save the boy’s life.

Cancer can’t be cured, but it may be controlled for a time by chemotherapy. Its goal is to stop or slow down the growth of a tumor or shrink it at least partially or to decrease any pain, bleeding, abstractions

In this case study we have an eight year old boy who has a malignant tumor. The young man was treated at a city hospital, but the treatment failed him. The physician recommended that he under goes a surgical procedure, but his family is very religious and they believe in the power of prayer, they are also fearful of the procedure going wrong. The family then refuses the surgery. The surgeon stresses that the surgery is the best option for the little boy if they want him to live, so the hospital is thinking about going over the family’s head and getting a court order approved so they may do surgery and save the boy’s life.

While cancer is referred to today as the "Modern plague" and treated through radiation and chemotherapy, thousands of years ago, the Egyptians applied arsenic paste and ate uteruses to combat what the Greeks described as "carcinoma" or a crablike bulge (David and Zimmerman 2010, 728). Although cancer was relatively rare prior to the sixteenth century, there appears to be some archaeological record of tumor masses in the bodies and writings of the Ancient Egyptians and Greeks. In Egypt, the Papyrus Ebers, a compilation of illnesses written by Egyptian physicians in 3000 BC, referred to breast tumors by their similarity in smell to roasted meat and portrayed cancer as a bulge with no treatment, except for ineffective knife lesions and magical incantations (Hajdu 2011, 1097-1099). In Greece, physicians theorized humans were composed of 4 humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and the evil black bile Hippocrates believed manifested itself in the formation of cancer (Hajdu 2011, 1098). While archaeologists and chemists reject the black bile cause of cancer, they both agree that the rarity of cancer in antiquity can be attributed to the low life expectancy and lack of environmental mutagens evident in ancient lifestyles (David and Zimmerman 2010, 728-731). Cancer is the consequence of the body 's inability to control the division of malignant cells, commonly exhibited when cells grow old, damaged, and need to be replaced. As one gets older and is exposed to carcinogens, such as