Symptoms And Treatment Of Chronic Kidney Disease

Injury to the glomerulus and the tubules presents the onset of Intra-renal failure (Matzke, 2011). Some of the frequent causes for Intra-renal failure are glomerulonephritis; pyelonephritis; and tubular injury. Post-renal failure develops from things like ureteroliths, tumors, or anatomic impediments. Opposite of the acute form, the chronic form has a slow onset that has no early stage symptoms. It is important to know that following an acute episode a chronic renal episode often follows, and at this juncture the damage is irreversible. Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis combined, has been reported to be the forerunner in as much as half the cases from acute to chronic renal failure. Diabetes mellitus, renal vascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, drug damage, and nephrolith are all examples of other causes of CKD (Pradeep, 2014). Biopsies of kidneys that suffered with CKD reveal smaller kidneys with scarring on the tubules.

Acute renal failure occurs quickly over a period of days or weeks with a reduction in GFR and elevation of BUN, plasma creatinine and crystatin C levels. Oliguria (urine output of < 30ml/hr or < 400 ml/day) is usually associated with ARF, although urine output may be normal or increased as well. Fluid is still filtered at the glomerulus but there is an alteration in tubular secretion or reabsorption. Most types of ARF are reversible if diagnosed and treated early (Perrin, 2009).

Acute renal failure condition is diagnosed and retitled as acute kidney injury. The purpose of the change of terminology was to encompass the full spectrum of the clinical manifestations associated with the syndrome. This includes a range from a small decline in kidney function to a severe impairment. Furthermore, the acute condition is characterized by a rapid loss of kidney function. In addition, associated manifestation(s) may be displayed as a rise in serum creatinine or a reduction in urine output. As a result of increase of serum creatinine or decline in urine output may developed and aggress to the clinical manifestation azotemia.

What supports the diagnosis of chronic renal failure instead of acute renal failure? Give reasons from George’s history; his signs/symptoms.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a disease that is described as a loss of kidney function gradually over time. As kidney function decreases, the waste collection in the body’s blood becomes high and makes the individual feel sick. This disease can lead to other complications in the body such as anemia, poor nutritional health, high blood pressure, and nerve damage. These complications will begin to progress and show as CKD progresses to advanced stages. Early detection of this disease is essential when it comes to treatment. If CKD is diagnosed early enough the disease progression can be slowed down and managed. This disease will eventually lead to failure of the kidneys

However David W. Johnson says on www.hdcn.com (Screening and overview para. 2 ) " early identification and management of chronic kidney disease is highly cost effective and can reduce the progression of kidney failure by 50 percent". His purpose in explaining this was to educate on screening and early detection of ckd. In his writings his statistics are very detailed as to the risk factors and who should be screened for ckd. He goes on to break down the different levels of chronic kidney diseases with charts and graphs. So although not reversal once your kidneys deteriorate to the kidney failure stage if caught early you could still salvage some kidney function. If not however, the solutions to keep the person with chronic kidney failure alive is dialysis or either transplant. Both are life saving options. There are a lot of different variables for chronic kidney failure including hypertension, diabetes, smoking or infections that weren't taken care of soon enough. All these contribute to chronic kidney failure. My nephew's kidney failure stemmed from

Kidney failure is the result of kidney disease that has either not been treated, or failed to respond to treatment. Some kidney diseases are: Acute kidney failure (potentially reversible), Acute nephritic syndrome, Goodpasture syndrome, Atheroembolic renal disease, Glomerulonephritis, Polycystic kidney disease, and chronic kidney failure (end stage) (United States National Library, 2010). The usual treatment for kidney failure is medication and dialysis. Dialysis is used for end stage kidney failure, when the patient has lost

kidney function, or a rapid decline in renal filtration function. The first signs of acute renal

The Center for Disease Control has ranked CKD as the 9th leading cause of death. According to the National Kidney Foundation, 1:3 adults are at risk for CKD and 26 million have it but do not know it. Normally, people are born with two kidneys but it is possible to live with only one. The kidneys regulate body fluid levels, filter waste and toxins from the blood, release hormones that regulate blood pressure, activate vitamin D to maintain healthy bones, release hormone that directs production of red blood cells and keeps blood minerals in balance (NKF). The kidneys filter blood every 30 minutes and the rate of filtration is known as

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible condition that progresses causing kidney dysfunction and then to kidney failure. It is classified by a GFR of <60mL/min for longer than 3 months. There are five stages of CKD: Stage 1 has kidney damage but has a GFR ≥ 90. Stage 2 has mild damage and a GFR of 60-89. Stage 3 has moderate damage and a GFR of 30-59. Stage 4 has severe damage and a GFR of 15-29. Stage 5 is also known as end stage renal disease (ESRD), this is kidney failure with a GFR of ≤ 15 and theses patients are typically on dialysis or in need of an immediate transplant. The leading cause of CKD is diabetes. Hypertension is also a major cause. Since most DM patients have HTN,

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is among the leading causes of mortality throughout the world, and its prevalence and the health care costs resulting from it are considerable and increasing. CKD commonly is silent and asymptomatic until its late stages. Accordingly, CKD is diagnosed prior to symptomatic stage of kidney failure, resulting in delays in proper interventions and the emergence of adverse consequences in the CKD patients

Acute renal failure occurs when there is an interaction of tubular and vascular. Primary cause is ischemia for more than two hours that result in severe and irreversible damage to the kidney tubules .Ischemia is caused by a reduction in GFR (glomular filtration rate) activation of the renin angiotensin system and tubular obstruction by cellular debris as nephrotoxins damage the tubular cells, these cells are lost through necrosis making tubules become more permeable, this results in filtrate absorption and causing the reduction in nephrons ability to eliminate waste. Acute renal failure is characterized by the following phases Prerenal, Intrarenal, and Postrenal.

High blood pressure which is called hypertension is another common disease which can cause chronic renal failure. This

stages, symptoms and risk factors. It also examines the process of kidney transplantation to treat

There are different types of renal failure such as chronic kidney disease which is a slow progression over time and it can go unnoticed for a long time. Acute renal failure occurs suddenly, happening within a few hours or a few days, if not caught in time