Symptoms And Treatment Of Communicable Diseases

Chronic and acute illness are extremely serious issues in the United States today. Although the two can go hand-and-hand, there are distinct differences between them. Chronic diseases is a leading causes of death and disability in the United States today. Conditions such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and arthritis are known to be among the most common, costly, and preventable of all chronic health problems. Two of the chronic diseases, heart disease and cancer, together accounted for nearly 48% of all deaths (CDC, 2016).

1). The IHI initiated this new framework of care because chronic health issues have become a global dilemma that has placed larger demands on healthcare systems, along with the aging population and longevity (IHI, 2016a). Other countries health systems outperform the United States in quality and cost in providing services for their citizens (IHI, 2016a). In order to meet the growing need for healthcare systems performance and to accommodate more enrollees through the ACA, healthcare providers and organizations must change their approach in providing healthcare for the public.

The modern day health care system is currently faced with a wide array of challenges, such as the aging of the population and the intensified need for medical care, the rapidly evolving technologies and the increasing costs of the medical act.

Third, because the rising cost of healthcare, the current healthcare system is “poorly positioned to respond to growing demographic and lifestyle issues that promise to exacerbate healthcare cost and create barriers to access”. The Washington-based Association of American Medical Colleges said “the U.S. faces a crisis of access, cost, and quality that needs immediate action”. The AAMC is hoping the six principles for healthcare reform will be considered and factored into any legislative equations. The principles call for affordable and continuous coverage that’s available to all; promotion of wellness and disease prevention as well as palliative care, and quality diagnosis and treatment of illness; sustainable and equitable financing that promotes efficiency and quality; maintenance of existing programs that serve defined populations until they can be replaced by better alternative; investment in the expansion of the healthcare provider supply;

local and regional levels, the healthcare field finds itself wrestling with the change that has already

The growing burden of various chronic ailments has social and economic implications at both, the micro and macro level. At micro level, these ailments impose significant cost burden on households, particularly those from the lower socioeconomic strata of the society. The chronic and prolonged nature of the diseases contributes significantly to the associated cost burden. Alongside costs of treatment, households also come under severe financial strain due to decrease in functional capacity or inability of an earning member to go to work.

According to Levaggi and Montefiori (2013, pp.100) globalisation is likely to have a significant impact on the population’s health and it creates challenges for the financing and provisions of the national health care system. The Office for National Statistics (2015) states

1. a. Social determinants of health may influence the burden of disease on global health in many ways. There are major differences in the leading causes of death between low-income, middle income, and high income countries (Moss, 2015). These differences are the result of the varied level of wealth, access to healthcare and clean water, knowledge of health care needs, and the countries’ ability to provide adequate health care to their citizens. Therefore, certain diseases are more prevalent in poor countries versus wealthy countries (Moss, 2015). For example, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and tuberculosis are major killers in low-income countries. Moreover, some preventable diseases are also prevalent in the low-income countries, such as lower respiratory infections, diarrheal disease, premature and low weight births, and neonatal infections (Moss, 2015). Infectious diseases remain the leading causes of death among the middle income countries. At older age, the leading causes of death changes to non-communicable chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, and cancer. This corresponds to the leading causes of death among high income countries (Moss, 2015). Therefore, high income countries spend a significant amount of their GDP on chronic non-communicable diseases while low income countries spend a significant amount of their GDP on communicable diseases, such as HIV, Malaria, and Tuberculosis (Moss, 2015).

Chronic diseases (presently the leading causes of mortality), and a prolific persistence of endemic and communicable diseases in morbidity statistics, mainly in the areas of the North, Northeast, and Centre-West. (WHO, 2013).

The classic example used to describe the capitalistic greed and oppression of the developed world is “Big Pharma”: pharmaceutical companies apparently commit fraud, cover up their mistakes, and increase prices of their products for maximum profits. This criticism of pharmaceutical companies is sometimes justified, especially in the issue of neglected tropical diseases (NTD). NTDs are a group of diseases that predominantly affect less-economically developed populations but are eliminated in the developed world. Effective treatment for various NTDs have existed since the last century, but pharmaceutical companies have historically not catered to NTD patients because it was not commercially profitable (WHO, Intensified 2).

in India are aware of different signs of diseases and as they belong to middle class so can’t afford to make their children treat at a good hospital, moreover food habits of Indians is very unhealthy including sugars and sugars reduces our defence system against bacterial infections, it contributes a lot to obesity, sugar lowers the enzyme functioning, it can also cause alcoholism; all these factors leads to Diabetes.

Within this assignment I will be providing an overview of the main health issues that are still affecting India today. I will examine their historical trends and predict the country’s health future in context of global health and social issues. India is dealing with many on-going health issues, one of those being Cholera. It began in the Ganges Delta in South Asia and began to spread, flourishing in poor areas, mainly in the slums (Cholera and the Thames, 2014). Phillips (1990) states that, those that live in these particular areas are faced with the daily challenges of the sewages overflowing, being overcrowded with people and the inadequate availability to have access to clean water. This puts many people at a greater risk of contracting a disease such as Cholera. Although Cholera is water borne and a communicable disease it is also preventable. This disease can cause people to have severe diarrhoea which the body then loses a mass amount of fluids, people then become exceedingly dehydrated which can lead to death. Vibrio cholera or V. Cholera is the bacteria found in Cholera infecting the intestines and causing diarrhoea (Cholera and the Thames, 2014). In 2014, The World Health Organisation (WHO) updated their fact sheet with key facts about Cholera. It was estimated yearly, that about 3 to 5 million people worldwide were affected by Cholera and over 100,000 cases result in death. Cholera is a disease which can affect anyone, like many other colds, viruses, and diseases

Regardless of the fact that India has a highly sensitive governmental system, high-quality scientific skills in a lot of fields and a far-reaching set-up of public health organizations for research, training, and diagnostics, India has rather pitiable health outcomes. It, therefore, is suggestive of the fact that the health system perhaps is misdirecting its hard work, or may be feeble, defective, and designed with flaws. Three broad areas have been reported in the public health system of India to have weaknesses (Gupta & Rani, 2004).

India is a developing country and we all know that India is still in a health crisis. Although, India has been awarded a ‘Polio-free’ status by an official certificate by the World Health Organization (WHO), we still occupy 2nd position when it comes to population and the 112th position in sex ratio out of 190 countries . With this data we can assess the condition of healthcare in India. The healthcare system is very bad in our country and for a developing country like India, we require that everyone, at least the work force and the children who are the future of our country should be healthy, because if we want India to reach at a stage of a developed country then we need to make sure we have an overall development. One of my findings was a survey conducted by Dr.C.Chandramouli who is the Registrar general and the census commissioner of India. His survey was conducted in different states of India but the information I have taken is from the state, Madhya Pradesh the heart of India. The information was gathered from each and every district in Madhya Pradesh in form of questioners and in form of the verbal information which had to be gathered because there are still some villages in India who still don’t know how to read or write. The result which came in front was very

India has a population of over one billion, of which almost 300 million live in around 600 towns and cities. Unfortunately, as a result of stressed environmental conditions, most of these towns and cities are unable to cope with the rapid pace of urbanisation. Water pollution, unavailability of drinking water, inadequate sanitation, open dumping of waste, and loss of forest cover are some of the related problems. These have serious consequences on the health of the people and are also an economic burden to the country. Similarly, water-borne disease