Symptoms And Treatment Of Delirium Essay

Excited delirium syndrome is a rare but dangerous disease generally recognized by agitation, aggression, disorientation, and sometimes sudden death. Often associated with drug usage. There has been some documentation as early as the 1800s, but it manly started to come back around in the 1980s. These patients will often need to be restrained, usually by law enforcement, and pose a great danger to the crew’s safety until restrained and sedated. Excited deliriums cause is somewhat unknown. There is much conflict from researcher’s on the why and how.

Delirium and Pandemonium by Lauren Oliver are two amazing books part of a series. Delirium is the story of Lena Haloway who lives in a dystopian society where love is forbidden. It is the deadliest of all things in their world. In the begining Lena starts out a good girl who follows all the rules, is scared of love and believes everything that shes been told about love. All until she meets Alex. Once she meets Alex, everything changes. In Pandemonium Lena lived in the wilds and has been through so much hardship that it has roughened her soul like summer time roughenes your feet. She is now is living in New York City and returned from the wilds.

In the article “Sleepless in Stepdown” written by Joanne Matukaitis, MSN, RN, FABC, NE-BC; Thea Eckman, MSN, RN, CCRN; Kristan Baxter, BSN, CCRN-CSC; Elisabeth Bradley, MS, RN, APN; Helen Hawrylack, BSN, CCRN; Sharmila Johnson, MSN, RN, APN, CCRN; Ruth Mooney, PhD, MN, RN-BC; Donna Papanicolas, RN, and Patricia Brigss, MSN, RN, CCRN, HTP, discuss issues of possible sleep disturbances in the recovery process in the hospital. Their theory basically says that sleep disturbances may lead to extended stays in the hospital, but also how the patient recovers in the process. The authors’ also address the fact that physiologic, behavioral, and functional outcomes may also be influenced by sleep disturbance.

According to Mc Donnell & Timmons (2012), “Acute delirium is a preventable, treatment, disorder of consciousness and cognition that commonly presents across many healthcare settings, including older care facilitates, medical and surgical ward, intensive care units and children’s ward”(p.2488). In their article, A quantitative exploration of the subjective burden experienced by nurses when caring for patients with delirium, Mc Donnell and Timmins outline a descriptive study. Even though prevention and treatments are well recognized, dealing with delirium can be very difficult. The purpose of this study is to examine the subjective burden nurses experience when caring for patients with delirium and to identify the individual aspects of delirium that nurses find most difficult to deal with. In the introduction of the article, the authors argue that beyond qualitative studies there is insufficient practical research on the impact and burden of delirium on nurses in practice (Mc Donnell & Timmins, 2012). This argument outlines the premise behind the research. It is not a research question, but a statement of belief upon which they draw in framing the purpose and focus of their research. The authors articulate their recognition of the fact that many researchers have only focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention for delirium. In addition, they also recognized that nurses often lack knowledge and understanding

Delirium is defined as “a disturbance of consciousness and cognition that develops over a short period of time and fluctuates over time” (Boogaard, et al., 2010, p. 2). While delirium is transient and often reversible, research has shown that it is also a valid predictor of mortality in critically ill patients. Timothy D. Girard states in his article, Delirium in the intensive care unit, that “patients with delirium have longer hospital stays and lower 6-month survival than do patients without delirium, and preliminary research suggests that delirium may be associated with cognitive impairment

Over the past decade, various studies have been directed on the recognition of delirium in acute care settings. Though most studies have focused on the optimal intervention for improving care among patients who have delirium, there is no quality evidence regarding the treatment of delirium with antipsychotics outside the ICU setting. Delirium affects approximately 60-80% and 20-50% of mechanically and non- ventilated patients, respectively. In the ICU, delirium is directly linked to high healthcare costs, prolonged ICU and hospital stays, and higher mortality rates. The risk of delirium-related mortality doubles when the patients are hospitalized. The predisposing factors for delirium included age, dementia, mechanical ventilation, delirium

Delirium is a first book in the Delirium trilogy. It follows Magdalena Holoway, an average teenager who lives in a place where love is ruled as a disease. They figure that love is the root of humanity’s problems. So it needs to be eradicated. Scientists have found a way to ‘cure’ people from amor deliria nervosa, or the love disease, by doing a certain procedure.

Patients are often sent to Intensive Care Units (ICU) for increased monitoring by the nursing staff, but the uncertainty of a patient’s outcome when admitted to the ICU produces an increased amount of anxiety (Mirbastegan et al., 2016). There was a single blind, randomized clinical trial performed: the participants were selected by the permuted block randomization method. The intervention group consisted of 15 males and 15 females, and so was the control group. The participants of the clinical trial were ages 30-70, diagnosed with MI, had stable hemodynamic status, no history of mental disorders addiction nor anti-anxiety drugs and had a score of 20 or more from the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale (STAI-Test) (Mirbastegan et al., 2016). The participants were given a piece of tissue paper with three dots of lavender and were asked to breathe normally for 30 minutes three times a day. The participants were then evaluated using the STAI-Test, and their vital signs were also taken. The results show an improvement in vital signs and a lower STAI score. There was also a reduction of

In the Delirium Assessment and Management as found on the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses the organization indicate delirium is a major problem that can affect up to eighty percent of patients that are admitted to the ICU (“American Association of Critical-Care Nurses”, 2015). Additionally, complications associated with delirium such as longer LOS in the hospital and ICU as well as increased time on the mechanical ventilator increases mortality and costs which can range from “$4 billion and $16 billion annually in the US” (“American Association of Critical-Care Nurses”, 2015). In the past many health care providers and nurses gave delirium a laissez-faire attitude by assuming delirium will resolve itself when they are leave

Delirium is an acute change in brain function that can be accompanied by inattention and either a change in cognition or perceptual disturbances (Allen and Alexander, 2012). Delirium in critical care patients is very common, it actually occurs in 2 out of 3 intensive care patients who are on a ventilator, but often goes undetected because delirium monitoring is considered too time consuming or unreliable (Reade and Finfer, 2014).  Intensive care unit (ICU) patients that have delirium spend more days on a ventilator, remain on sedation longer, have increased chance for infections, have longer hospital stays, and higher mortality rates during their hospital admission and in the 6 months after.

Delirium is a neurocognitive disorder that is characterized by a disturbance in attention, awareness and change in cognition that rapidly develops over a short period of time (Townsend, 2014). It is manifested by confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, illusions, clouding of consciousness and excitement. In fact, Townsend also states that some of the individual’s awareness can range from hypervigilance to stupor or semi-coma. As a result, sleep may alternate between excessive sleepiness and insomnia (2014). It may also be precipitated by several hours or days of prodromal symptoms such as restlessness, difficulty thinking, insomnia or nightmares. This disorder may occur in individuals with serious medical, surgical,

There are highly incidence report not only postoperative delirium (POD), but also postoperative cognitive dysfunction or decline (POCD) in older adults as a common phenomenon after major surgery especially joint arthroplasty. In older adults, an acute phase of cognitive impairment is POD (based on DSM-5: 293.0), and they prone to develop the chronic phase of cognitive impairment as POCD (based on DSM-5: 294.10/11). Older patients who develop POD or POCD during hospitalization are at greater risk for associated short-term and long-term negative consequences such as higher rates of mortality and morbidity, neurological impairment, functional decline, increased the length of hospital stays and high costs of hospitalization. Although the clinical

Delirium in hospitalized older adults is one of the most difficult presentations for nurses to recognize. There are many reasons that delirium is difficult to recognize, some include but are not limited to: the amount of medications that older adults are prescribed, the effects of anesthesia on the older adult, the nurses lack of knowledge regarding atypical presentations, and critical older adults may have difficulty expressing themselves and their needs. Delirium may be misdiagnosed due to lack of assessment technique or lack of knowledge by the clinical staff of cognitive illnesses. There are many factors that can put an older adult at risk for delirium, which will be discussed later in the paper. Neurological changes that can have an acute change may include behavioral changes, perceptual changes, emotional changes, or psychomotor changes. Delirium also puts the patient at risk for longer hospital stays, and due to the length of stay, the patients ' are at higher risk for falls, skin breakdown, and urinary tract infections (SITE: MEDSURG, 318)The purpose of the paper is to look into new research and evidence that effectively helps nurses recognize delirium in older adults, as well as ways to manage delirium.

The medical cases of delirium have been rising of late among patients. However, in comparison to other medical sections, there exist a higher prevalence rates in intensive care unit. According to the medical statistics in the United States, the prevalence rates of delirium range between 11% to 42% with the highest rate in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) standing at 87% (Rivosecchi, Smithburger, Svec, Campbell, & Kane-Gill, 2015). In terms of the population affected, delirium affects 20% to 50% of non-mechanical patients and 60% to 80% of patients admitted to the ICU (Gregory, 2016). Furthermore, the financial impact of ICU delirium per year in the United States so far has been $4 to16 billion dollars (Arumugam, El-Menyar, Al-Hassani, Strandvik,

Delirium is often an overlooked condition in aging adults. In the article titled Delirium, delirium is described as an acute confusional state that signals an emergent decline in someone’s health. Delirium is also characterized by a disturbance of consciousness and a change in cognition that develops over a short time period. People that develop delirium, experience lowered levels of cognition and function. Examples of these lowered levels of functions, are ambulation, feeding, and toileting. Often delirium is not only overlooked by medical professionals in healthcare, these medical professionals also lack the knowledge to notice the signs and symptoms.