Symptoms And Treatment Of Heart Attack Essay

Situation: Two patients in their 70s present to the office at different times today, each with documented heart failure: one diastolic and the other systolic, and both are hypertensive. First, discuss the difference between systolic and diastolic heart failure, providing appropriate pathophysiology. ACEI/ARBs are the only medications prescribed for CHF that have been found to prolong life and improve the quality of that life. EXPLAIN the mechanism of action of ACEI/ARBs and how they affect morbidity and mortality in CHF. Be specific. Diuretics must be used very carefully in diastolic ventricular dysfunction. EXPLAIN this statement using appropriate physiology. Now considering all of the above, describe an appropriate comprehensive plan of

“One in nine deaths in 2009 included heart failure as a contributing cause. About half of the people who develop heart failure die within 5 years of diagnosis” (Heart Failure Fact Sheet). “Researchers have proven that African-Americans are at an increased risk of congestive heart failure. This is due to diabetes and high blood pressure, rather than race alone”. “There is no cure for heart failure. Treatments are used to relieve symptoms of CHF and try to prevent any further damage. The exact plan to help the patient depends on the stage and the type of heart failure the patient has”

Heart failure affects nearly 6 million Americans. It is the leading cause of hospitalization in people older than 65. Roughly 550,000 people are diagnosed with heart failure each year (Emory Healthcare, 2014). Heart failure is a pathologic state where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the demand of the body’s metabolic needs or when the ventricle’s ability to fill is impaired. It is not a disease, but rather a complex clinical syndrome. The symptoms of heart failure come from pulmonary vascular congestion and inadequate perfusion of the systemic circulation. Individuals experience orthopnea,

The right ventricle fills up  tricuspid valve closes  right ventricle contracts  pulmonary valve opens  the blood flows into the pulmonary artery  pulmonary valve closes  pulmonary artery splits into two vessels each going to the lungs.

physical release of all the energy built up in the body does not actually take

According to the National Institution of Health News, as many as 1 in 100 black men and women develop heart failure before the age of 50, 20 times the rate in whites in this age group, heart failure developed in black participants at an average age of 39, often preceded by risk factors such as high blood pressure, obesity, and chronic kidney 10 to 20 years earlier. Black mean that most likely developed heart failure were either obese or had diabetes when they were younger.

Bibbins-Domingo et al. (2009) conducted an empirical examination into rates of heart failure among young adults. The article outlines the unfortunate fact that there is little empirical knowledge regarding the rates of heart failure within the young adult populations. This knowledge is even worse when it comes to examining minority populations, especially within the African American community that is increasingly vulnerable to heart conditions. With heart failure and other cardio conditions being such a prevalent problem in the United States, it is imperative that current discourse understand it much more than we do now. Thus, the purpose of this study was to better document and analyzes the incidences of heart failure in young adults, as to better describe any patterns or correlations within the group that would help provide better information. The overall hypothesis of the study was that African American populations were more likely to be vulnerable at this younger stage than their white counterparts. To meet this purpose, the study implemented an empirical study that examined heart failures of 5115 African American and white young adults, ages 18-30, over a period of 20 years. Results clearly showed that African American youth were at a much higher rate of early heart failure, as the study showed that out of the participants 27 had heart failure and 26 of those individuals were African American. This lead the study to

CKD will cause the body to retain many excess fluids and waste that are normally filtered out to prevent internal harm throughout the body. With kidney disease there will be a rise in blood pressure due to the amount of extra fluid that is retained in the blood vessels. This fluid retention will cause the passageways to become narrow and make blood passage through the vessels increasingly difficult, in turn causing an increase in blood pressure. There will also be an increase in protein and blood found in the urine because it is not filtered out properly by the kidneys. Swelling will occur in the extremities and around the eyes because of the fluid retention as well. The longer the urine goes unfiltered the harder it may become to urinate due to pain or blockage or there may be more frequent night time urination (The National Kidney Foundation, 12).

Serious wellbeing issues can happen whenever, especially at the times that you do not expect them to show. Do you know what to do when you’re alone and a heart attack suddenly occurred?

During inspection of the heart assessment observe abnormal finding. Inspect the jugular vein and the carotid artery. Note pallor or cyanotic skin color, temperature, turgor, texture, and clubbing of finger. Observe for swelling, edema and ulceration. Clubbing is a sign of chronic hypoxia caused by a lengthy cardiovascular or respiratory. Poor cardiac output and tissue perfusion is noted by cyanosis and pallor. For dark-skinned, inspect his mucous membranes for pallor. Decreases or absent of pulse with cool, pale, and shiny skin, and hair loss to the area, and the patient may have pain in the legs and feet may indicate arterial insufficiency. Ulcerations typically occur in the area around the toes, and the foot usually turns deep red when dependent

Two years later Mike started to have a heart attack the ambulence came to pick him up when they got to the doctors he told them it felt nothing like i thought it would feel it felt like his heart stop beating for a amount of time. Mike would never want to go threw the moment agin he sead. the doctors gave him a cheak and sead that he had high blood pressure so he now has to check his blood pressure every day also with the pills.Mike sead its a hard life if you have heart disease. He also have to go to the doctors ever month.

Renal (kidney) failure is a serious medical condition in which the kidneys fail to filter blood effectively. This causes waste products to build up in the body causing immense pressure on organs-such as, the heart. (Mayo, 2012) Along with this, renal failure begins a down-spiral to insufficient and unbalanced levels of the person’s blood chemical make up. Kidney failure unfortunately develops extremely rapidly and causes the patient to become extremely ill very quickly (Smith, 2013).

Women and the symptoms they experience before having an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has had varying and unpredictable symptoms for decades. Women experience a range of symptoms compared to men who usually report classic symptoms such as chest pain. Though we know most of the symptoms men have preceding an AMI, symptoms experienced by women have not been explored as thoroughly. AMI symptoms have been difficult to identify in women, which has contributed to their misdiagnosis’ and uncertainties about whether to report their symptoms to their physicians. This research article concluded that while there may be uncertainties about whether or not prodromal symptoms lead to future events of AMIs, it has been determined that most women experience similar prodromal symptoms before an AMI. The researchers suggest that prospective longitudinal research studies be conducted to assert the link between prodromal symptoms and future AMIs.

Mr. Armstrong has a history of renal insufficiency and uncontrolled hypertension, along with symptoms of fatigue, pedal edema, and occasional shortness of breath. He does not have a history of trauma or obstruction to his kidneys, but his creatinine and BUN levels are currently at 3.5 mg/dl and 40 mg/dl. Normal creatinine concentration values are 0.7 to 1.2 mg/dl and normal BUN values are 10 to 20 mg/dl; this reveals that Mr. Armstrong’s kidneys are not removing wastes properly (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2014).  Mr. Armstrong’s history of renal insufficiency and uncontrolled hypertension is commonly found in patients diagnosed with intrarenal (intrinsic) acute renal failure. Intrarenal acute renal failure can be categorized as

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