Background
Malaria is a tropical disease which is prevalent in countries across the equator, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. It is spread by Anopheles mosquitoes (infected with plasmodium), which bite the host and inject the malaria parasite (plasmodium) into the blood of the host. [1] After this the parasite travels to the liver where it reproduces. Then it re-enters the bloodstream and reproduces and multiplies inside the red blood cells, as a result of this the infected red blood cells burst, releasing parasites into the blood. The infected red blood cells burst within two to three days of being infected, this causes fevers, fatigue and headaches. The symptoms of malaria can range from diarrhoea and sweating to muscle pains, anaemia due to the loss of red blood cells and even death.
The infected mosquitoes are normally female Anopheles mosquitoes which have a tendency to bite at night. The infected mosquitoes carry one of the five types of plasmodium that affect human beings. The most common type of plasmodium is plasmodium falciparum which is mainly found in Africa but can also be found worldwide.[2] However people with Sickle Cell Trait have a slight natural defense against Malaria.
Types of Malarial Parasite:
• P. falciparum – mostly found in Sub-Saharan African
• P. vivax – found mostly in Asia, Latin America and Africa
• P. ovale- found mostly in Western Africa and some Pacific Islands
• P. malariae- found worldwide
• P. knowlesi – Southeast Asia mostly
It is caused by a parasite that infects certain mosquitos that feed on humans. People infected with malaria usually suffer from high fevers, shaking chills, achy muscles, headaches, tiredness, and flu-like illness. It may also cause jaundice and anemia. The malaria parasite is found in the red blood cells of a person which means it can be transmitted through blood transfusions, organ transplants, or the shared use of needles syringes contaminated with blood. Malaria is not contagious; it cannot be transmitted from one person to another. Some parasites can remain dormant in the infected person’s body for up to four years after they are bitten. When the parasite comes out of hibernation and begins to invade the red blood cells, the person will become sick.
Malaria is a very contagious parasite transmitted through mosquitoes to humans. Those at risk are individuals living in areas conducive to the breeding of mosquitoes, especially those that allow the mosquitoes to complete their growth cycle. Everyone is at risk
Mosquitoes pass malaria to humans through their salivary glands. Once the parasites have entered the blood stream, they go to the liver. In the liver they mature and undergo reproduction, forming merozoites. These merozoites enter the blood stream and inject themselves into red blood cells. Once inside the blood cells, they reproduce rapidly and within forty-eight to seventy-two hours, the blood cell bursts, releasing hemoglobin into the blood stream. It is the destruction of these blood cells and the hemoglobin released into the blood stream that actually causes most of the symptoms.
Plasmodium a single-cell parasitic protozoa is transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected female Anopheles species mosquitoes. This can lead to potentially fatal parasites, rapidly multiplying in the liver attacking red blood cells resulting in symptoms arising from cycles of fevers, chills, severe headaches, vomiting, jaundice and diarrhoea. One major disastrous symptom includes sweats accompanied by anaemia, cause damages to vital organs and interruption of blood supply to the brain, which could result in incurable illness leading to fatal death. In very severe cases it can cause seizures, comas or even death. Symptoms usually present between ten to fifteen days after the initial infection. Unlike other diseases, Malaria can represent in people months or even years later. Death rate is approximately 1%-5% due to the spread of Malaria in Afghanistan, affecting each and everyone.
Malaria is a virus transmitted by a vector known as the mosquito. When pregnant female mosquitos hunger for human blood spreads the virus. Malaria can also be spread via blood to blood, such as transfusions, organ donation, and childbirth. Mosquitoes acquire the virus when biting an infected human. Malaria has two hosts the human and the mosquito. The virus is transmitted from the mosquito via saliva when being bit. The parasite begins it journey in humans in the liver then in a week going into the blood and disrupting normal red blood cell activity. When a mosquito has a blood meal from a infected person the parasite is the transmitted and develops to become a cyst and entering infective state traveling to the mosquitoes salivary glands waiting to be transmitted to a new host.
Malaria or other similar diseases like malaria has been recognized and encountered by humans for more than 4,000 years. Malaria is caused by the genus Plasmodium parasites, which enter the human body and are transmitted to people through the bite of a mosquito infected with the parasite (Q&A, Malaria). Once the parasite enters the human body, the parasites multiply in the liver and then infect red blood cells. The malaria parasite was first discovered on November 6, 1880, by a French army surgeon named Charles Louis Al phonse Laveran. While stationed in
Malaria is a parasite that attacks the red blood cells in the body, some effects of Malaria are chills, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Malaria thrives in warm and human areas that have bounty stagnant water sources ideal for breeding and egg nesting. Once bitten by a mature anopheles mosquito the incubation time between infection and showing symptoms is usually between 6-7 days (Patricia Schlagenhauf-Lawlor, & Funk-Baumann, M., 2005, pg. 10)(1). The common symptoms of malaria like chills, headache and perfuse diaphoresis to name a few, exacerbate due to parasitic replication and destruction of the bodies RBC. Once the cell is destroyed the merozites from the RBC disperse throughout the
Malaria is a common infectious disease found mainly in the tropics but in rare circumstances can be found in temperate areas. Depending on the circumstances malaria can be either life threatening cause serious illness.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the symptoms of malaria vary in time and severity. The CDC recognizes two main types of malaria, termed “uncomplicated” and “severe” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). The first of the two is rather short-term, and occurs and ends under a day’s time. The symptoms of the “uncomplicated” malaria include, “Fever, chills, general malaise, sweats, and headaches” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). On the
Malaria is a life-threatening disease. It is typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Infected mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite. When this mosquito bites you, the parasite is released into your bloodstream.The parasites are spread to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, called "malaria vectors.” There are 5 parasite species that cause malaria in humans, and 2 of these species P. falciparum and P. vivax pose the greatest threat.
“3.4 billion People live in areas at risk of malaria transmission (“About Malaria” 2015). While Malaria isn’t as common as it used to be, there is still a severe threat associated with it in third world countries. Symptoms can be hidden for up to 15 days, which can make diagnosing and curing the disease hard. In countries where Malaria is very uncommon, symptoms can be mistaken for viruses such as the flu, or a variety of infections.
Malaria is one of the ten most common, yet deadly diseases in the world. It is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of Anopheles mosquito, which is active between dusk and dawn. Malaria occurs in over 100 countries and territories.
According to the Malaria Vaccine Institute, almost 600 million people suffer from malaria each year, and more than one million people die from this disease every year, the most deaths come from children younger than five. Malaria is endemic in over 100 countries, around 40% of the world population. Malaria is caused by a parasite that is transferred by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The most deadly form of malaria is known as Plasmodium falciparum, almost all deaths from malaria are caused by this specific form. In addition to being the deadliest form of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum destroys red blood cells along with causing complications with the kidneys, lungs, and
Malaria is a parasitic infection, transmitted by the bite of the infected female Anopheles mosquito. Five types of plasmodia cause the disease to humans: Plasmodium (P.) falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi. The most common symptoms of malaria are, chills, high fever, malaise, headache sweating and muscle aches, manifest 1-4 weeks after infection with the parasite, while relapses of the disease are usually observed in short intervals but up to 5 and in extreme cases even up to 8 years in P. vivax infections (Walker and Colledge 2014; ). A number of effective anti-malaria drugs are available to treat the infection. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is essential to forestall complications.