Symptoms And Treatment Of Multiple Sclerosis

One important thing to know about multiple sclerosis is that there are many different types. There are four, vaguely defined, types of MS: Relapsing- remitting, Primary-progressive, Secondary-progressive, and Progressive- relapsing (Dangond). Relapsing-remitting MS, most common, is when patients experience a series of attacks followed by the disappearance of symptoms. So, in this type, multiple sclerosis attacks and then goes in to remission until another attack occurs. Its alternates back and forth. Primary-progressive MS is when there is a continuous decline in a person’s physical abilities. Secondary-progressive is when relapses are rare but the patient accumulates more disability (Dangond). Lastly, we have progressive-relapsing which is the more complex type. It is very similar to primary-progressive MS but it includes small periods where the symptoms and disease become worse (Blackstone).

MS is characterized by the destruction of myelin, inflammation in the CNS and the formation of lesions in the CNS.

There are three different versions of multiple sclerosis (“What is MS?”). The least severe being relapsing-remitting; this occurs when a person has an attack and then there are no further

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. MS affects approximately 3.0 million people globally, with about 300,000 cases in the United States. Twice as many women as men have MS. The average ages for onset of MS is 20-40 years. In MS, cells in the immune system attack and destroy myelin, the fatty tissue surrounding nerve cells (http://www.phylomed.com/MS.html). Scar tissue replaces the myelin, interfering with the transmission of nerve signals and leading to numbness, fatigue, spasticity, loss of muscle control, and various other debilitating symptoms. There are four broad theories

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that attacks the central nervous system. The myelinated nerve cells get attacked which results in scars and lesions that destroy the myelin sheath. The reason for the body attacking its own nerve cells is unknown. Many believe that the cause of MS is from a virus, a deficiency in Vitamin D, or genetics. Studies are being done to find out what is the real cause of MS.

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage in the brain and spinal cord with a loss of myelin that covers the axons. As the myelin sheath regenerates, scar tissue forms, which looks like plaques on magnetic resonance imaging scans. Multiple sclerosis arises when immune-mediated inflammation activates T cells and causes the T cells and immune mediators to cross the blood-brain barriers into the CNS and attack oligodendrocytes (ie, a type of neuroglial cell with dendritic projections that coil around axons of neural cells). When the oligodendrocytes are attacked, the myelin sheath is replaced by scar tissue, which forms throughout the CNS. As a result of damage to the myelin sheath, the ability to transmit and conduct nerve impulses along the spinal cord and in the brain is interrupted, leading to muscle weakness, fatigue, loss of coordination, balance impairment, and cognitive and visual disturbance (DeLuca & Nocentini, 2011). This disease is characterized by unpredictable remissions that occur over several years. During periods of remission, the myelin sheath usually regenerates and symptoms may resolve, but the myelin cannot be completely repaired. As the disease progresses, the myelin sheath is destroyed and nerve impulses become much slower or absent and symptoms worsen. When degeneration exceeds self-repair ability, permanent disability results. There are four defined clinical types of

Multiple Sclerosis, commonly known as MS is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Scientists have been studying MS since the 19th century. In MS, the body’s immune system produces cells and antibodies that attack myelin in your brain which is essential for the nerves in your brain and spinal cord to conduct electricity to perform its function. The attack on myelin results in vison loss, paralysis, numbness, muscle weakness, difficulty walking, stiffness, spasms, and bladder and bowel problems. MS has varying degrees of severity and affects people between the ages of 20-50, mostly women. Although there are treatments, there is no cause and cure yet.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an acquired demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that typically is diagnosed in the second or third decade of life. Normally, nerves are enclosed in myelin sheaths that help facilitate transmission of nerve impulses within the CNS and the peripheral nervous system throughout the body. In patients with MS, the myelin sheath is damaged and eventually degenerates, causing patches of scar tissue called plaques or lesions to occur anywhere randomly on the myelin sheath (Ruto, 2013). This results in impaired nerve conductivity, which interferes with message transmission between the brain and the other parts of the body. As a result, impulse transmission is altered, distorted, short-circuited, or completely absent. This interference in impulse transmission creates muscle weakness, muscle imbalance, and possibly muscle spasms with partial or complete paralysis. Multiple sclerosis also can result in visual impairment and alteration of cognitive abilities, as well as pain, numbness, or tingling sensations (Ruto, 2013).

MS lesions occur where there is damage to oligodendrocytes, changes in myelin composition, considerable loss to neurons over a period of time, and brain atrophy and can occur in either white or gray matter. MS also has short-lived attacks of neurological deficits that are temporary and correlated with worsening symptoms. These attacks are reversible and are a result of a block of conduction in axons that are partially demyelinated. The cause of these short-lived attacks is a slight increase in body temperature or hypocalcaemia, which in turn causes increased leakage through the demyelinated axons. Both emotional and physical stresses are triggers because the functional demands of the body exceed the capabilities of the nervous system. Suck attacks of more severe symptoms can last weeks or months and can lead to the progression of MS symptoms (p.397). The diverse stages of MS lesions are responsible for the varying symptoms seen across the MS community. Overall, MS results in irreversible damage to the CNS and results in lesions throughout the nervous system that cause multiple symptoms and issues depending on how much it has developed and the rate at which it is progressing.

One reason why the disease is so hard to diagnose is because the signs and symptoms are invisible. Aliza Bitton states that, “the invisible symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis include pain, depression, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction” (Ben-Zacharia 177). Ben-Zacharia also stated, “One of the approaches is the ICAP method. ICAP is an acronym for a four step approach: identification of symptoms; causation of symptoms as primary, secondary or tertiary; alleviation of symptoms; prevention of complications” (Ben-Zacharia 177). One of the main effects this disease has on patients is that their muscles slowly stop working while they grow older, and as the MS progresses. Also because of the treatment for the disease their anti-bodies are slowly getting attacked, which opens them up for all kinds of viruses due to a poor immune system. Some other symptoms that

The last type of MS is Progression-relapsing (PRMS). This is the least common type of MS. Just like PPMS this type is also characterized by the gradual worsening of symptoms over the course of time. Patients will also experience relapses and remissions. Unlike RRMS, people with this type of MS do not usually regain complete functioning after a symptom relapse.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system, brain, and spinal cord. There are four types of disease courses linked to the genetic disorder MS. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), and progressive-relapsing multiple sclerosis (PRMS) are the four disease courses of MS. MS is an autoimmune disease, where the body's own defense mechanism attacks itself. In MS, the immune system attacks the myelin sheath, which is a material that protects the nerve cells, and causes it to slow down or block signals between the body and brain. These blockages may lead to to the symptoms of MS, which are usually problems with

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative and potentially debilitating disorder that affects the spinal cord and brain, collectively known as the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis evolves gradually throughout time and is considered to be auto-immune, which means the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues that are supposed to be within the body. According to Medscape, symptoms consist of, but are not limited to, sexual problems, ataxia (the inability to control certain muscle movements as defined by Tortora and Derrickson), fatigue, and optic neuritis. Multiple sclerosis is characterized into four different types: relapsing-remitting MS, secondary-progressive MS, primary-progressive MS, and progressive-relapsing MS. There is currently no cure for multiple sclerosis, but there are many forms of treatments to help suppress the symptoms and hinder the progression. The Patient Education Institute lists of treatments include prescription medication and healthy lifestyle habits, such as exercising. Steroids are also administered to delay the severity of the attacks. The aforementioned details about the treatments, types, and symptoms of multiple sclerosis are merely a superficial analysis. To fully understand this disease, a more in-depth and detailed focus of its impact within the body is needed.

Multiple sclerosis one a nervous system disease that affects the brain, spinal cord, and the optic nerves in the eyes. It causes problems with vision, balance, muscle control, and other basic body functions. The effects are often varying from person to person (“Multiple Sclerosis”, n.d). MS happens when the immune system attacks a fatty material named myelin, that protects the nerves. Without the protection of this outer shell, the nerves become damage. Scientists and doctors studied for centuries what multiple sclerosis is and they were unable to define it for long period time “MS has been conceived from the 14th century through the early 20th century (Butler, 2003). During those periods, the physicians and scientists faced hardship to distinguish between MS and other cognitive diseases. During the 21 century, because of technological advancement and researches, MS studied well and consequently treatment options reflected in a new belief system (Butler, 2003).

Imagine not being able to walk, talk, see, and feel. Take a minute and think about how different life would be. Losing just one of these would be devastating enough, much less a combination of problems happening all of a sudden. People with an autoimmune disease called multiple sclerosis, also known as MS, must live and adjust to these life changing disabilities every day. the different stages of this disease range from mild to severe. Research scientists do not understand multiple sclerosis because there are many factors to how people get the disease. Symptoms differ from person to person and are similar to other conditions, making it difficult to diagnose. There is no specific blood test for multiple sclerosis. Physicians will use a number