Symptoms And Treatment Of Patients

Postoperative surgical pain can often be moderate to severe leaving the client in a state of discomfort that requires the administration of opioid analgesic medications. Morphine intravenous (IV) patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is commonly provided through a pump to treat postoperative surgical pain, but with advances in the medication administration field, a fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system (ITS) has become another popular method (Lindley, Pestano, & Gargiulo, 2009). Morphine and fentanyl are similar medications in that they are both opioid analgesics and are both equally effective to reduce pain, but they offer differences through their administration techniques, comfort for the client, and providing care in a timely manner by the nurse. The nurse must take into consideration these differences to choose the proper medication for their specific client.

The management of postoperative pain has received much interest nowadays. The intensity of postoperative pain depends on many factors such as type and duration of the surgery, type of anesthesia and analgesia used, and the patient’s mental and emotional status (11).

Equipotent dose for ondansetron and ramosetron are unknown which makes it difficult to decide optimal dose. There are no established parameters to measure the severity of nausea, because it is a subjective symptoms and a valid visual analog scale or severity grade is needed. Except for intrathecal fentanyl, no other opioids were used in our study; perioperative opioid use is known to exaggerate PONV, the findings of our study should be used cautiously in patients whom opioids are used preoperatively. Our study was conducted in female patients undergoing gynecologic surgeries under spinal anesthesia. Extrapolation of our results to other patients having various surgeries under different methods of anesthesia requires further

Anesthesia is an essential pre-operative intervention that helps to reduce the perception of pain during surgical or other clinical interventions (Fitz-Henry, 2011). Effective anesthesia is essential for better surgical outcomes. Different types of anesthesia are administered in clinical settings (Fitz-Henry, 2011). The type of anesthesia depends upon the clinical or surgical procedure to be performed. General anesthesia is required during major surgical interventions. On the other hand, local or subdural anesthesia is extended during minor surgical interventions (Fitz-Henry, 2011). Epidural anesthesia is also implemented in situations, where general anesthesia may be contraindicated or harmful to the concerned patient (Fitz-Henry, 2011). Sedatives are often used as adjuncts to anesthesia, for ensuring mental relaxation in the concerned individual (Fitz-Henry,

The patient is a 19-year-old male named Matt. He was being treated for lethargy, excessive thirst, recent unexpected weight loss, fever, and complaints of frequent urination. Matt is a college cross-country runner who is otherwise is healthy. He is currently uninsured and his diet consists of fast food meals and prepackaged meals. Also, he consumes 3-4 beers about 3-4 days a week. Matt is allergic to Penicillin as well as Sulfa Drugs. After the assessment Matt has a temperature of 101.6 F and has a pain level of 4/10 while urinating in which he experiences a burning pain. His skin is warm and dry and has a 1 inch by 5/8th inch skin break on the posterior right ankle that has not healed in 3 weeks. Additionally, Matt was treated once in

Acetaminophen and NSAIDs, together, pre-operatively with continuation, post-operatively, will help with perioperative analgesia. The combination appearing to be superior to each one administered alone, as long as there are no contraindications, such as chronic kidney or liver disease. 20 NSAIDs alone show a 30-40% reduction in opioid requirements. 7

Introduction A number of postoperative dysfunctions are related directly to postoperative pain. Th e most important of these are pulmonary, circulatory, gastrointestinal, and urinary dysfunction. Th us, it is possible for acute severe unrelieved pain to result in signifi cant morbidity and even mortality [1].

Paronychia is an infection of the nail that occurs when bacteria enter the tissue surrounding the nail following trauma to the surrounding skin or cuticle. (Rigopoulos et al, 2008)

This is a 51-year-old female with a 4/6/2015 date of injury. She tripped and fell to right knee.

In today’s health care a major problem is the management of pain after surgical procedures. The purpose of this paper is to improve the quality of pain management for post-operative patients by integrating more non-pharmacological and holistic techniques. Gélinas, Arbour, Michaud, Robar, and Côté described non-pharmacological interventions as interventions that do not involve the use of medications to relieve pain (2013). Pain is a subjective experience. Gélinas et al. found that pain often goes undertreated in patients which can contribute to physical, emotional, and psychological distress (2013). This distress increases anxiety and can interfere with the healing process. Pain is often worsened by anxiety and fear (Comeaux & Steele-Moses, 2013). Therefore, reducing anxiety can also aid in reducing pain. The most often used intervention for pain management is the use of drug therapy. However, drug therapy alone is not effective. For example, on the South 3 West unit of Holyoke Medical Center patients still report pain levels of 9 and 10 on the numerical pain scale even after receiving pain medication. There are also risks to relying solely on drug therapy. Prolonged use of analgesics can cause harmful side effects to the patient, such as decreased respiratory rate. Non-pharmacological interventions could decrease the need for medications. Adding non-pharmacological interventions to pain therapy is effective and reliable because the interventions are safe and relatively

Pneumomediastinum is a pathologic condition characterized by the presence of air within the mediastinum and within deep neck spaces. It can be further categorized as spontaneous pneumomediastinum or secondary pneumomediastinum. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare clinical entity seen without any precipitating factors. On the other hand, secondary pneumomediastinum is due to disruption of the aeordigestive tract, typically from previous surgery, trauma, severe retching, or foreign body ingestion. Pneumomediastinum can be exacerbated by activities that generate a valsalva maneuver, as in physical exertion. The treatment protocol differs substantially between these two entities, so it is crucial that physicians differentiate between the two by gathering the appropriate history and physical exam. We report a case of a healthy 44 year old male who developed pneumomediastinum with moderate head and neck subcutaneous emphysema after minimal trauma while boogie boarding. The patient remained asymptomatic except for mild dysphonia and head and neck swelling. An extensive PubMed search revealed several case reports of spontaneous pneumomediastinum. This is, however, to our knowledge, one of the few reports of moderate to severe spontaneous pneumomediastinum presenting relatively asymptomatically. With this case report we hope to add to the current body of literature and present an unusual presentation of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a healthy individual.

Evaluator met with Ms. Patty to discuss her medical condition. Ms. Patty stated that she was told that she had a “stroke on the brain.” Previously, she provided a doctor excuse requesting May 17, 2017 to May 24, 2017 off because she was ill. Ms. Patty was scheduled to return 05/25/2017. However, Ms. Patty stated that Dr. South stated that she still should not return to AbilityWorks until her doctor appointment, Wednesday, June 12, 2017 at 3:20 pm. Ms. Patty stated that she became dizzy at her significant other’s home in McAdams, MS. She continued to verbalize that she was lightheaded and she passed out in her significant other’s living room. She stated that her significant other’s grandfather heard the commotion and came over. Ms. Patty reported

Patient factors include age, gender, education, ethnicity, socio-economic status and how much patient knows about cancer and cancer symptoms. Age appears to be the major determinants of cancer survival. Cancer survival rate for almost all types of cancers decrease significantly with age. Research has shown that elderly patients generally do not receive the same standard of treatments and care, as compared to younger patients. Elderly patients are also reported to be less likely to receive surgery and the most effective treatment than younger people irrespective of the co-morbidities. This is because healthcare professionals tend to make decisions based on the assumptions that older patients will not be able to cope with certain treatments

Complications of cancer include metastasis, increased vulnerability to infection, and psychological disturbances such as depression, anger, denial, and anxiety. Metastatic cancer is cancer that started in one location in the body and has spread to other parts of the body. “When cancer cells break away from a tumor, they can travel to other areas of the body through the bloodstream or the lymph system (which contains a collection of vessels that carry fluid and immune system cells)” (American Cancer Society, 2014). The new location

Since eyes are so complex in their make, we should expect complications to appear throughout our lives. There are many different problems that occur with our eyes including bacterial and viral infections to more serious problems such as hemianopsia. Many diseases are treatable while there are a few that we are only able to slow down the process.