Symptoms And Treatment Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The motive of this paper is to present a analysis of current research on polycystic ovary syndrome more commonly known as PCOS. Pcos is one the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, affecting 5-10% of the population. Despite it's prevalence, pcos remains largely unknown. The main focus of this paper will be explaining what PCOS is, the causes, the diagnosis and the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.

In this research paper I will attempt to discuss the causes, symptoms and signs of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, as well as how it is diagnosed and treated. As someone who is suffering from this disease, I found my research to be very informative and educational, raising awareness for my own understanding, and it is my intention to ensure that this same awareness is translated in my research paper.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome affects an estimated 5-10 percent of women of childbearing age and it is a leading cause of infertility. It is the most common endocrinopathy among reproductive age women and as many as 30 percent of women have some characteristics of the syndrome.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine abnormality of reproductive-aged women, occurring between 10 and 21% (March et al., 2010). Due to its complexity, PCOS is associated with a spectrum of symptoms, including amenorrhea, anovulation, hirsutism, acne, and obesity. All of which are subjective and do not allow for a definitive diagnosis. Long term complications, such as infertility, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, depression, and anxiety require an early diagnosis; but establishing a comprehensive diagnostic criterion has been difficult (Teede et al., 2011). Historically, Stein and Leventhal first identified PCOS in 1935 when they associated it with hirsutism, chronic anovulation, obesity, and bilateral ovarian

Case findings of women with polycystic ovary syndrome were first documented in 1935 by American gynecologists Irving F. Stein, Sr., and Michael L. Leventhal (Hoyt and Schmidt 156). For many years, polycystic ovary syndrome was called the “Stein-Leventhal syndrome”. Once insulin resistance was added to the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome the name of the syndrome then changed to “Syndrome X” (Bhathena 106).

There is one dream that every little girl has when growing up, that is becoming a mother; to love and watch her children grow. No one ever dreams of that not happening to them or being part of that group being label as infertile. It happens to millions of women living in the United States every day. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is the most common endocrine disease that affects women of reproductive age, which is typically puberty to menopause. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome does not only affect a woman’s ovaries and chances of conceiving, but it affects the whole endocrine system in the body. It can cause Excess Androgen Production, Insulin Resistant, Obesity, Hirsute and Cardiovascular problems.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which a woman’s levels of the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone are out of balance. This leads to the growth of ovarian cysts (benign masses on the ovaries). PCOS can affect a woman’s menstrual cycle, fertility, cardiac function, and appearance. While the exact cause of PCOS is unknown, it is believed that hormonal imbalances and genetics play a role. Women are more likely to develop PCOS if their mother or sister also has the condition.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects 4% to 12% of women of childbearing age.1 The proportion of individuals in a population with PCOS depends on the diagnostic criteria.2 According to the criteria implemented by the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology/American Society for Reproductive Medicine, PCOS is as great as 15% to 20%.2 As stated in The National Institute of Health Office of Disease Prevention Report, PCOS impacts about 5 million females of reproductive age in United States.3 The identification and management of the disease is estimated to cost $4 billion annually to the US health care system.3 As such, PCOS presents a major economic burden.

There are many long-term consequences of PCOS. If PCOS is not properly treated there is a bigger chance of having long-term consequences. One of these consequences is type II diabetes. Women with PCOS frequently have hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance. Women who have irregular ovulation tend to have more insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a precursor to diabetes, so PCOS patients are more at risk of developing diabetes. It is also shown that women with PCOS are more at risk of having glucose intolerance. Researchers found that women with PCOS also have an increased incidence of mortality related to diabetes complications (Nandi et al., 2014).

Polycystic ovary syndrome also called PCOS or Polycystic ovaries is a hormonal diorder that causes enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges. PCOS affects the endocrine system.

A less understood element of PCOS are the psychological impacts such as severe mental health issue in the form anxiety, depression, body dissatisfaction, decreased sexual satisfaction, eating disorders, and decreased health-related quality of life (McCook et al., 2014). Additionally, comorbidities like obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, aggression and psychoticism scores in comparison to health matches. Investigators concluded that PCOS significantly increased the risk for psychological morbidity (McCook et al., 2014). Infertility is a hallmark indicator of PCOS, and is often in initiator of diagnosis. Women who are unable to conceive from PCOS experience a significant decrease in quality of life (McCook et al., 2014).

One of the most common hormonal endocrine disorders for females is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and affects 5-10% of all women of childbearing age (PCOS Foundation, n.d.). While the underlying cause of PCOS is still unknown, clinical features of PCOS include absent or irregular menstrual cycles, hyperandrogenism (excess androgens, particularly testosterone), and infertility (Eisenberg, 2014). In addition, PCOS is highly associated with insulin resistance and weight gain (particularly excess abdominal fat accumulation) both of which are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, including hypertension and hyperlipidemia (Nybacka et al., 2012). While the majority of women with PCOS are overweight or obese, obesity isn’t necessarily one of the underlying risk factors for this condition as there are many lean women with this syndrome as well (Stovall, Bailey, & Pastore, 2011).

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine condition arising from the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, presents in women of reproductive ages due to factors such as obesity, excessive insulin production and genetics. This condition often present with irregular periods, excess androgen

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that is estimated to effect between 6% and 10% of reproductive age women (Andreou, Barber, Dimitriadis, & Franks, 2016). In this paper we will define PCOS, examine the pathogenesis, identify ways to assess for the condition and review the treatment options on a mock patient.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common health problem in woman where ovaries get enlarged and develop tiny cysts that block the natural function of ovaries. PCOS is frequently seen in one out of five women. The symptoms generally start to show after the first menstruation period. Irregular periods, hirsutism, severe acne, and thinning of the hair. PCOS symptoms, however, are generally more severe if the patients are obese. Treatments for these patients deal with combinations of birth control pills, medication such as Clomiphene and Gonadotropins and lifestyle changes. Weight loss is the number one lifestyle change a woman can take. Due to the body’s ability to create excess insulin, increasing the androgen production. Androgen being the result of the hormone imbalance is what contributes most to the male –pattern symptoms. Complications that come with PCOS are infertility, type 2 diabetes, depression, eating disorders