Symptoms And Treatment Of Respiratory Diseases

In conclusion, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are directly related in a complex manner, relying on one another to perform their physiological functions. Only together can both systems work to maintain the body’s internal balance, this is evident when physical demand is higher than normal. In order to meet this demand, the heart must pump more nutrient-rich blood around the body; however it needs oxygen to do this, in response the

• Pulse Oximetry - Tests the percentage of oxygen in the blood. 95% or more is a normal level,

The respiratory system is a complex organ structure of the human body anatomy, and the primary purpose of this system is to supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood vessels to carry the precious gaseous element to all parts of the body to accomplish cell respiration. The respiratory system completes this important function of breathing throughout inspiration. In the breathing process inhaling oxygen is essential for cells to metabolize nutrients and carry out some other tasks, but it must occur simultaneously with exhaling when the carbon dioxide is excreted, this exchange of gases is the respiratory system's means of getting oxygen to the blood (McGowan, Jefferies & Turley, 2004).

The two systems are such close partners that they are explored together in this chapter

For this assignment, I will use the websites, lab and learning materials from this week and complete an internet search of my own on breathing. I will write a two -page essay that explains the location of the respiratory areas that control breathing and explain control of normal breathing. I will also write the definition of each of the respiratory air volumes and capacities.

In this essay we will consider a few major aspects of respiration. We shall first consider the interesting history of the study of respiration before moving on to our modern understanding of respiration. We will look at the structure and function of the respiratory system including the upper and lower respiratory tracts with a note on the control system. Secondly we will consider the physiology of respiration. Thirdly we will discuss some of the major common disorders and diseases which affect the system with a special focus on asthma. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF RESPIRATION Hippocrates "counted air as an instrument of the body" just as food was eaten. Galen (129-200) felt

The medulla oblongata (Simon et al, 2006) is found in the brain steam and controls breathing, circulation, swallowing and digestion. The medulla oblongata will detect the amount of carbon dioxide concentrations and oxygen levels, signals muscles to the heart and send signals to the lungs and diaphragms when they

Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for COPD, but there are medications that are available to help the symptoms and make it easier for the person to breathe. Bronchodilators are a type of medication that will help open the airways to get better airflow. Short acting bronchodilators are used in emergency situations for rapid relief. Some short acting bronchodilators are Albuterol, levalbuterol (Xopenex), and Ipratropium (Atrovent). They can come in an inhaler or in a liquid that can be inhaled from a nebulizer. There are some side effects to the short acting bronchodilators including dry mouth, blurred vision, tremors, tachycardia, or a cough. Long acting bronchodilators help treat the symptoms of COPD over a longer period of time, so it may take longer to see results. Patients can use long acting bronchodilators once or twice a day depended on how bad the symptoms are, which also comes in inhalers or a liquid that can be put in a nebulizer. Some examples of the medication are Tiotropium (Spiriva), Salmeterol (Serevent, Formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist), Arformoterol (Brovana), Indacaterol (Arcapta), Aclidinium (Tudorza). (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). Over time these medications will help if the person takes them continually. Long acting Bronchodilators are not used as emergency or rescue medication. Some of the side effects of these medications are dry mouth, dizziness, tremors, runny nose, an irritated or scratchy throat, allergic reactions, blurred vision, and

Have you ever questioned however respiratory organ malady have affected the globe each second of the day? The lungs area unit a part of a fancy equipment, increasing and restful thousands of times daily to usher in gas and expel greenhouse gas. respiratory organ malady may end up from issues in any a part of this technique. respiratory organ malady is one amongst the foremost common medical condition within the world. 10 innumerable individuals suffer from respiratory organ malady within the U.S.

The respiratory system, also known as the ventilatory system, is a series of organs found in the human body. The system’s primary function is performing respiration – inhaling oxygen from the environment and exhaling carbon dioxide out of the body (K.M Zimmermann, 2016). Oxygen acts as fuel – without it, the body would be unable to function. Carbon dioxide, the by-product of this process, is breathed out as it is toxic to the human body when it builds up (A.M Helminstine, 2016).

The respiratory system is the inhalation and exhalation of air; this is so that the body can take in oxygen which is used by every cell in the body. It allows oxygen into the lungs and carbon dioxide out of the lungs. Breathing in is when the intercostal muscles relax and external intercostal muscles contract, this causes the ribcage to move up and outwards. Also by breathing in the diaphragm contracts, which pulls downwards and flattens, the lung volume increases and the pressure inside decreases, furthermore the air is pushed into the lungs. On the other hand breathing out is more than less the opposite of breathing in. when the body breathes out the external intercostal muscles relax and the intercostal muscles contract, the ribcage also pulls downwards and inwards, the diaphragm too relaxes causing it to move upwards back to its dome shape, the lungs volume decreases and the air pressure inside increases and air is pushed out of the lungs. Gas exchange takes place in the lungs in the alveoli; the alveoli have thin walls- makes diffusion easier, large surface area, moist surface and many blood capillaries. For aerobic respiration to take place it needs oxygen, which releases huge quantity of energy in food as it being broken-down. The equation for aerobic respiration is glucose (from the food we eat) + oxygen (from breathing in) = carbon dioxide + water (+ energy in the form of ATP). The

Hyperventilation (over-breathing) lowers the tension of CO2 in alveolar air, less fresh air enter the alveoli and respiratory rate increase without increase metabolism (Eugene & Stead, 1960); (Silverthorn, 2010). In addition, the rate of breathing are control by the respiratory centre in the medulla. The activity of the respiratory centre can be influenced by oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions which are monitor by peripheral and central chemoreceptors in the medulla. Chemoreceptor also determine the duration of breath hold, the length of breath hold reduce when oxygen concentration in blood decrease and carbon dioxide concentration in blood increase. When carbon dioxide concentration is high, reach the breaking point, around 50mmHg (McArdle,

Croup accounts for 15% of clinic and ED visits for an upper respiratory tract infection and is the most common cause of acute stridor. Most often croup occurs in children ages 6-36 months of age but can be seen in older children up to age 6. Males are more prone to croup than females. Croup usually occurs in early winter and presents to the ED from 10:00PM to 4:00AM. Hospitalizations from croup usually are between 2-5% with 1% of those children requiring intubation and .5% of those intubated dying. Complications are rare but it is important to identify the treat these patients rapidly.

These results are due to metabolic rates and the need for homeostasis which is driven by the production of CO2 (Mason, 2015). The results suggest that the values obtained in the normal ventilation condition for PO2, PCO2 and %O2 are consistent with the proposed values 100 mmHg, 40 mmHg and around 98% (Silverthorn, Johnson & Ober, 2013, p. 590). This is due to arterial gas composition being approximately equal to alveolar gas composition (Silverthorn, Johnson & Ober, 2013, p. 590). The breath-hold after hypoventilation condition resulted in an increased CO2 intake into the lungs due to breathing deeply. There was a decrease in PO2 and %O2 and increase in PCO2 as arterial PCO2 rose because metabolic processes continued without a new intake of air into the lungs. This disturbance of respiratory homeostasis hinders the ability to hold one’s breath (Mason, 2015). CO2 decreases pH of extracellular brain fluid, which stimulates central chemoreceptors, causing a break-point in breath-hold (Moreira, Takakura, Colombari & Guyenet, 2006). CO2 is detected very quickly in the blood (respiratory acidosis) by peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid and aortic bodies) (Miller, Cunningham, Lloyd & Young, 1974). The respiratory centre is controlled by chemoreceptor response, which then re-establishes respiratory homeostasis, by inducing a change in ventilation (Haldane & Priestley, 1905). However, the hyperventilation pattern, which involved shallow breathing, caused an increase in PO2 due to greater accumulation rate of O2 and larger O2 store in the lungs. A reduction in arterial PCO2 and increased expiration of CO2, increased %O2, which explains why there was a reduction in PCO2 (Lindholm &

This concept is taken from Block 4, Module 6 which is entitled as ‘Assessment of respiratory system’. The respiratory system comprises of different organs used in respiration. Respiration involves inhalation and exchange of oxygen and carbondioxide between living organisms and the environment. The organs of respiration include; the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, 2 bronchi, bronchioles, 2 lungs and muscles of breathing (the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm).