Symptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disease that can be inherited from a family member. It has always been linked to family history in some way (Mukherjee 3). For instance , the child with family member affected by schizophrenia has a higher increase in the chance of developing it as well (Luhrmann 3). This shifted the causes and reasonings for schizophrenia , allowing researchers to abandoned the old psychosis ideas (Luhrmann 1) . Allowing not only family history to be a cause, but the color of your skin , whether your mother fell sick while pregnant , whether you were beaten or bullied as a child.

Schizophrenia is a mental health condition that is the base of several psychological symptoms. There are many people out there who suffer from this disorder and have no idea on how to cure it. Some people tend to spend their whole life with this disorder; whilst others get it treated as soon as they see first sign or symptom of it. Schizophrenia is not a disorder that cannot be treated; with the right kind of treatment, the disorder can be controlled and the individual suffering from it can be cured. The paper will discuss the schizophrenia disorder in detail, causes, risk, signs & symptoms, and treatments of it.

Genetic factors of schizophrenia can be explained using studies on twins and studies on family history. With twin studies researchers want to establish the degree of concordance. This is

A.1- Suspicious, without just cause, of people wanting to betray, hurt or take advantage of them. (American Psychiatric Association [APA] 2013).

Schizophrenia is one of the disorders that have been debated over the years also it has a difficult past and it is a psychological disorder that is noticeable by numerous diminished thinking, behaviours and emotions. The individuals who suffer from schizophrenia they usually hear voices in their head, have unusual beliefs but not based on reality and have different thoughts that are based on hallucination and delusions also changing in behaviour. However, even this very day the cause of schizophrenia is still unknown. Yet the psychologist states that the cause of the disorder is the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Schizophrenia is one of the most serious mental health disorders and it is treated with combination of

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that consists of hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and thought. “Schizo” if Greek for Split while “phrene” means mind; schizophrenia literally translates to split mind (Burton, 2012). Why is schizophrenia considered to be split minded? According to Khouzam, 2012 split mind is used to describe the disruption within the thought process Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that has subcategories that include paranoia, catatonia, disorganized, residual and undifferentiated type. This is partially what makes schizophrenia terrifying because each subtype needs to be treated differently due to a different combination of behavior/symptomology. This fact is why psychologists must ensure proper

Schizophrenia is a disease of brain which disturbs the way brain cell communicate with each other and function, which is commonly caused by excessive production of dopamine. Furthermore, it cause serious psychotic symptoms which disrupts an individual quality of life, social deficit, abnormal social behaviors which often due to doubting and adapting unrealistic cases to realistic situations, and as a result, social isolation. For treatment of schizophrenia, antipsychotic medication is worldwide treatment which helps to prevent a relapse of psychotic symptoms and to enhance the quality of life by improving individual mental abilities. In addition, to improve the outcome of the treatment, monitoring patient’s status appears to be a strong nursing intervention in combination with medical assistances showing benefits. Also, early and accurate diagnosis of schizophrenia is necessary, because it is often easy to misdiagnose since it shares common symptoms with other diseases, such as bipolar disorder, which also causes hallucination and bizarre change of personality.

In the United States, in 2012, approximately 1% or 2.4 million people were diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder in which symptoms usually develop in men in their late teens or early twenties, and women in their early twenties and thirties (Anderson, 2014). It is a psychotic disorder characterized by loss of contact with the environment, by a noticeable deterioration in the level of functioning in everyday life, and by a disintegration of personality expressed as disorder of feeling, thought, perception, and behavior (p. 580). Clinicians classify schizophrenia as positive, negative, or cognitive. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, which may include auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, or tactile hallucinations. Delusions or false beliefs are also positive symptoms, as is disorganized thinking and movement disorders. Negative symptoms include flat affect, ahedonia, or apathy. Cognitive symptoms include a decreased ability to understand information, and using that information to make decisions (Herzog & Varcarolis, 2011). Men with schizophrenia do not outwardly express their emotions, when compared to women with schizophrenia. This can result in a decrease of self-value, social interaction, and life satisfaction. Understanding ones emotions can create a healthier lifestyle, with a more functional outcome (Mote, Stuart, & Kring, 2014).

Schizophrenia may be one of the most misunderstood psychological disorders by professionals and laypeople alike. The disruptions inflicted by schizophrenia are so diffuse that they may often overlap with other disease processes. Researchers and filmmakers have attempted to provide more information to the masses regarding mental illnesses. Many hope that this education will assuage some of the pejorative thoughts about those who suffer from these symptoms. Similar to physical disorders, cases of mental illness do not always fit exactly into the dimensions outlined in textbooks. A diligent healthcare provider must explore patiently and meticulously to consider multiple alternatives in their quest to discover the true etiology. Ironically, another challenge arises after a diagnosis is stated, treatment is initiated, and the patient is treated. Some patients are self-aware of their illness and begin to realize improvements over the course of treatment. This may lead some patients to discontinue their therapies as they feel that they are permanently cured. Unfortunately, unlike a bacterial infection that can be treated with an antibiotic for a short time period, some mental illnesses require lifelong treatment regimens. Certainly, being oblivious to one’s disorder can be counterproductive to successful treatment; possessing a conscious understanding of one’s sickness may present a two-edged sword. The debilitating symptoms of schizophrenia rarely affect only the person who has

As previously stated in this paper Schizophrenia is a series of symptoms that are led by the patient having delusions or hallucinations. The patient often has disorganized speech or catatonic behavior. Schizophrenia symptoms can be considered a very broad spectrum of ideas that are categorized to be schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Arguably some believe that these symptoms can be considered random. More than one person can be described as having Schizophrenia but may not always have the same symptoms. This makes it difficult to understand how schizophrenia is diagnosed to begin with.

Kraepelin (1896) claimed that schizophrenia was biological and organic. An alternative possibility is that schizophrenia has external causes, such as social, economic and stress factors (Clare, 1976; Davey, 1996). One twin study, for example, found that it is not uncommon for only one twin to exhibit symptoms of schizophrenia (Gottesman, 1994). Researchers now consider the possibility that schizophrenia has both genetic and environmental causes (Leff, 1996). The perplexing complications and conflicting findings of this mental illness indicates the probability of schizophrenia being a social construct.

According to the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), schizophrenia is a severe, chronic and debilitating mental disorder characterized by impairment in one’s cognitive, behavioral, and emotional functioning, which leads to social and occupational dysfunction (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). Prevalence of schizophrenia in the United States is 1.1%, (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2015), and the economic burden related to schizophrenia in the United States is estimated to be more than US$60 billion per year (Chong et al., 2016).

Schizoaffective disorder, often abbreviated as SZA or SAD, is a mental disorder portrayed by unusual thought processes and emotions and is defined by mood disorder-free psychosis in the context of a long-term psychotic and mood disorder (Schizoaffective Disorder, 2014b). The diagnosis is made when the individual has characteristics of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder, either bipolar disorder or depression, but does not meet diagnostic criteria for either alone (Schizoaffective Disorder, 2015d). The bipolar type is classified by indications of mania, hypomania, or mixed episode and the depressive type is classified by symptoms of only depression (Schizoaffective Disorder, 2015c). Hallucinations, paranoid delusions, and disorganized speech and thinking or behavior are common symptoms for the criterion psychosis must meet for schizophrenia (Schizoaffective Disorder, 2014b). Symptoms currently have an indefinite lifetime dominance and usually begin in young adulthood. Diagnosis is based on observed behavior and the individual 's reported experiences (Schizoaffective Disorder, 2014b). Schizoaffective disorders are often mistakenly diagnosed with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia because it shares symptoms of numerous mental health illnesses.

1978 shields discussed 11 studies of the identical and non-identical co-twins of over 1300 schizophrenics from seven countries and then of these comparisons showed a higher concordance rate among identical twins. (A, C, Smith 1982 p.g 93) Research is still going on today to find out more about how genes and life events influence who gets schizophrenia.

The following reading will present the discussion about cognitive behavioral therapy and how if in any way, improves the quality of life of patients living with schizophrenia when compared to conventional pharmacological treatments. Schizophrenia is a debilitating disease that can impact all areas of an individual life. Even with the use of many therapies available there is room to investigate which forms of treatment improve the quality of their life. Relapses are high despite all the efforts made to treat schizophrenia. Increasing evidence suggests that individuals with schizophrenia do best with a combination of pharmacological and psychosocial intervention (Addington and Lecomte 2012). Recent traditional cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to improve the positive and negative symptoms associated with psychotic patients even when they are compliant with pharmacological medications. Nurses must integrate the best evidence based treatments shown in practice in order to care and monitor patients who are schizophrenic thought their lifespan.