Symptoms And Treatment Of Sleeping Sickness

Since 1878, the US Public Health System has been collecting information on infectious conditions for the purpose of early identification and control of massive outbreaks, including, when necessary, instituting quarantines

In American industrial cities, late 1800s, Poor neighborhood were not the best place to live. With poor living conditions, poor sanitation and crowded housing, many epidemics of infectious disease spread into the poor population and touched even the wealthy class. Cities such as New York were crowded and workers were living in tenements, which were often cramped, poorly lit and poorly aerated. Moreover, these tenements lacked of adequate plumbing, therefore waste was flooding in the public streets. Streets was crowded of waste and garbage. Population was poorly nourished and has a poor life hygiene like water pollution and poisoned food and milk. Accordingly, infectious disease was the common death reason. Big cities had known outbreaks of

Firstly, access to medical care. Years ago medical care in the 19th century was not very good. The hospitals were very basic, many beds in a large room (ward) there were very rarely curtains around the beds for privacy because in those days clothes were short and extra material would be made into clothing. Also, they may not have been very clean, they were hygienic to work in but for people that were very ill they may of made that person more poorly. Clinics were similar; they had the basic bed to check patients on and the small amount of medicines. Not all the time did they have the correct suitable medication for patients. So some patients may have had to suffer for longer than what they should off because it was hard to get medication that was going to cure

was what made it especially dangerous, there was no known way to control the disease and it was able

In the early 1900’s medicine was making some steps closer into some great improvements for health and better understanding of the human body. Doctors with sufficient knowledge of the human body and cures for diseases and viruses were scarce. People were much more concerned with government and politics, than health and medicine, until one of the greatest and most grotesque lethal pandemics that’s struck the earth in human history. This pandemic the “Spanish Flu” spread so rapidly and had an extremely high mortality rate. This was caused by the close contact of humans and poor cleanliness and sanitation, and the host (virus) and the body taking harsh action

Death, sickness, and epidemics were very prominent during the Progressive Era. America was going through a very rough time because of the increase in health risks. With all this happening America was recovering from World War One and the Financial Crises in the business community. During 1916 America experienced one of its first epidemics with a large case of polio, causing nearly 3000 deaths with over 9000 cases. This epidemic could have been caused due to the Public’s Health being poor during the Progressive Era, this was due to the lack of basic human sanitation, poor living conditions, and the rarity of children’s medical institutions (Healthcare).

In North America, the disease had been removed amidst everywhere, but the deep South. The South always harbored the correct environmental conditions for malarious conditions, but the primary factor was the poverty level. During the first World War, at last the government implemented anti-malaria campaigns in the South with the help of the United States Army. Post-war the Rockefeller Foundation, which included Gorgas funded research to suppress anti-malaria campaigns.

Another thing that was happening in the 1830s was the religious and cultural practices and the forbidden conducts; during this period it was notable that people were quarantine for epidemics, sexual prohibitions to minimize illness spread and dietary restrictions to minimize nutrition illnesses. The hygiene movement (1840 – 1870) brought, the sanitary conditions as the foundation for improvement. The contagion control (1880 – 1940) in which immunology and outbreak investigations began. Between the 1950s and mid-1980s, the

Then, in the fall of 1918, influenza struck. People everywhere fell victim to the Spanish flu, dying of uncontrollable hemorrhaging that filled the lungs and caused the patients to drown (Crane 1). Estimates say that approximately 20 to 40 percent of the world’s population became ill, and the worldwide death toll was around 20 to 40 million (“NVPO” 2). Around 675,000 people died in America alone (Crane 5). The Spanish flu struck quickly; you could feel well in the morning, get sick by noon, and be dead by nightfall (“NVPO” 2). The doctors were unable to cure the Spanish flu, so the people resorted to superstitious practices, such as wearing a

While others, were only effected by direct contact. It was thought to have been sustainable by even touching clothing or other such items of the infected. Conditions of the fourteenth century were also a contributing factor. Famine had been an arising issue due to the number of overpopulation. Because of this, their immune systems began to weaken. “Europeans were susceptible to disease because many people lived in crowded surroundings in an era when personal hygiene was not considered important” (Dowling). The cities were unsanitary and littered with germs, making it easier to sustain such diseases. Unhealthy habits were conducted and medical advances had not yet been made. Doctors themselves had not known what to advise. No prescriptions had worked. There was no cure to what was happening. Most were not even aware of what was impending upon them. Anything that could would be tried, in hopes of living. People were becoming desperate.

A Cholera pandemic devastated Europe between 1829 and 1851, and was first fought by the use of what Foucault called "social medicine", which focused on flux, circulation of air,

Trypanosomiasis also known as T.b. Is mostly found in Sub-Sahara Africa. A bug called Tsetse flies around and spreads the disease. The disease that T.b. Causes is called sleeping sickness. What happens when you get thins is you get bit by the tsetse and the T.b. spreads throughout your body. The treatment for this disease is called Pentamidine, this drug is recommended for first stage T.b. Other drugs for this disease are called aura in, melarsoprol, eflonithine, and

Originating from Latin America, American Trypanosomiasis, or better known as Chagas Disease, is a “systematic chronic parasitic infection by Trypanosoma cruzi” (Ramos, et al. 919). It was discovered in 1909 by a Brazilian researcher named Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano Chagas, which was where the disease obtained its name from. Chagas Disease has expanded from Latin America to other countries, including Mexico. Rural areas are at great risk of this of developing this disease, but migration has been a key factor for the expansion of it to growing countries like the United States.

African Trypanosomiasis also known as African sleeping sickness is a devastating zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan subspecies of Trypanosoma through the bite of insect vectors of the genus Glossina (tsetse flies). Other than the biting of flies, mechanical transmission through abraded wound also evident from the research. It appears in different forms, is affected by varied epidemiological and ecological processes, and so is difficult to pin down. One major consequence of this is that there has been, and remains, great controversy about how to control the disease, and what to focus on through what methods. As per epidemiological triad approach, Trypanosomiasis is ideal public health

malaria was being recognized a major disease o the era at least in the rural areas in