Symptoms And Treatment Of Therapeutic Therapy For Patients With Multiple Sclerosis 's Lymphoma And Breast Cancer

Identify one health condition and discuss its impact on an individual and/or the wider society.

This report will discuss what multiple sclerosis is, symptoms, how it is treated, and much more.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic disease that affects the Central Nervous System (CNS) through cellular immune response and the demyelination of CNS white matter (McCance et al., 2014, pp. 630–633). The initial causes of MS are unknown however, it is believed that it could possibly be due to an immune response to an initiating infection or an autoimmune response to CNS antigens on the myelin itself (Brück, 2005) (Miljković and Spasojević, 2013). MS is a result of the degradation of the myelin sheath surrounding neurons and therefore disrupts the transmission of action potentials along these cells. MS can display itself in the form of symptoms ranging from muscle weakness to trouble with sensation and coordination (NHS, 2016). The degradation of myelin leads the body to attempt to remyelinate the neurons, a process that in turn leads to the thickening of the cell by glial cells and this causes lesions to form (Chari, 2007). It is this thickening (sclerae) from which the disease gets its name. Sufferers of MS can either have a relapsing type of MS, in which there are episodes that lead to the worsening of symptoms for a period of time, or a progressive type of MS where symptoms gradually progress and worsen (McCance et al., 2014, pp. 630–633).

The central nervous system (CNS) comprises grey matter, which contains neuron cell bodies and white matter, which contains the nerve axons. Most of the nerve axons are concentrically wrapped around by lipid-rich biological membrane, known as the myelin sheath. In the CNS, myelin is produced by oligodendrocyte. a type of glial cell. (Pfeiffer et al., 1993). These electrical insulating, multilamellar membranes significantly increase the electrical resistance, in which to prevent leakage of electrical currents from the axons, as well as decrease electrical capacitance to reduce the ability of the axons to store electrical energy (Shivane &

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an acquired demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that typically is diagnosed in the second or third decade of life. Normally, nerves are enclosed in myelin sheaths that help facilitate transmission of nerve impulses within the CNS and the peripheral nervous system throughout the body. In patients with MS, the myelin sheath is damaged and eventually degenerates, causing patches of scar tissue called plaques or lesions to occur anywhere randomly on the myelin sheath (Ruto, 2013). This results in impaired nerve conductivity, which interferes with message transmission between the brain and the other parts of the body. As a result, impulse transmission is altered, distorted, short-circuited,

If you know anyone with Multiple Sclerosis or MS, you would know how terrible the disease is. Multiple Sclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which your immune system attacks the nerve cell covers in the brain and spine are damaged. The nerves in the body eventually deteriorate and it is fatal. According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, the cause of Multiple sclerosis is still unknown. There is not a cure at the moment for Multiple Sclerosis, but there are treatments that can speed recovery when attacked by the disease (Mayo Clinic). Scientists are under the impressions that there are a few factors that may come into play. They say that when they discover the exact cause of Multiple Sclerosis it will be easier to find a way to treat the disease or maybe even stop it from happening at all. (National Multiple Sclerosis Society)

Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder which is characterized by multiple areas of scarring to nerve fibers of the CNS. It often affects people between 20 to 40 years. Currently there are about 1.1 million people suffering from multiple sclerosis. Like most of the autoimmune diseases females are more affected than males in this disease. Multiple Sclerosis effects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The disease commences with a discrete attack known as CIS (clinically isolated syndrome), which may attack any area of the CNS but mostly attacks either the brain stem, optic nerve or spinal cord.

The claimant has a past medical history significant for multiple sclerosis, hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux disease, arthritis, and hyperlipidemia.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In the United States alone, approximately 200 new cases of MS are

There is no cure for Multiple Sclerosis (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Most treatment is focused on improving quality of life by treating symptoms and slowing its progression. There are a few drugs to help slow progression, most of which are for relapsing-remitting MS (Mayo Clinic, 2017). In March of this year, the FDA approved the first drug for primary-progressive MS (FDA, 2017), called ocrelizumab, which slows the advancement of disability (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Ocrelizumab may cause infusion related reactions, such as hives, shortness of breath, fever, etc, and may lead to an upper respiratory tract infection (FDA, 2017). Acute relapses are treated with corticosteroids to reduce nerve inflammation, a traditional and approved method of treatment. (NIH, 2013). To treat symptoms, those with MS may go to physical therapy to help strengthen muscles and manage gait problems (Mayo Clinic, 2017). They may also use muscle relaxers to treat extremely painful

There are a large number of new therapies to treat multiple sclerosis being trialled. Contact your neurologist for more information about new treatment options and whether you might be eligible to participate in these trials.(www.ms.org.au)

The nervous system is responsible for registering extrinsic and intrinsic factors and communicating them with the entirety of the body. Dendrites acquire these signals from other neurons and then the signal is transmitted through the cell body and down the axon. Graded potentials create an electrical charge that eventually leads to threshold being met and action potentials being generated. These action potentials send the signals down the axon. Signals will sometimes struggle to hike up stream due to threshold recently being met. This absolute refractory state inhibits signals from traveling up the axon unless myelin is present to increase signaling. It takes longer to conduct a signal down an un-myelinated axon because voltage-gated ion channels

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a very complex disease characterized by many different pathophysiological mechanisms that play a role in how the disease presents itself and its progression (Miller, 2012). Some mechanisms that play a role in MS are demyelination, axonal/neuronal damage, inflammation, gliosis, etc (Miller, 2012). Among 20-40 year olds, MS is the most common neurological disease (Miller, 2012). There are many different causes associated with MS but the two main causes of MS are axonal injury and oxidative stress and excitotoxicity.

Unfortunately, the exact cause of multiple sclerosis is not known yet however, it is considered an autoimmune disease in which the immune system does not function properly and destroys myelin in the brain. Myelin is the white covering or insulator around the axons or nerve fibers and it is made of proteins and phospholipids. When this myelin is damaged it exposes nerve fibers and they become without the myelin that is supposed to protect it and covers it, this causes messages traveling along the nerve to be slowed, blocked, or damaged and this effects the movement of the patient. Additionally, it is unclear why some people get MS; the causes are unknown, however the factors of increasing the risk of developing the disease could be from mainly

Multiple Sclerosis or “MS” is a very different disease there isn’t an exact cause as to why MS occurs but researchers have stated that it affects the central nervous system of the body so the body is having a disruption of messages that are supposed to be sent to the brain (Danette). The central nervous system is made up of your spine, brain and optic nerves (eye nerves). The immune system become sensitized and will mistakenly attack myelin which is the neurons that let us think, see, speak, hear and feel and when that myelin is attacked at it, it makes those five important functions difficult to do but it’s different for every person (What is MS?).