Synovial Joint Process

The labrum has two basic functions that take place in both the hip and the shoulder. The first function of the labrum is to excavate the socket so that the ball stays secure. Ligaments are small structures that keep the ball in the socket; these are the harnesses that reach and attach each of the bones. These small structures hold the bones closer together. The other way the ball is kept inside and attached to the socket is the labrum. The labrum is a thick tissue or type of cartilage that is attached to the rim of the socket and essentially forms a

The shoulder is a ball and socket joint which allows it a flexion and extension motion.

A shoulder is one of the most complex joints of the body. The anatomy of the shoulder starts where the humerus fits into the scapula almost as if it were mimicking a ball and socket. The scapula has a little tip of itself overlooking the tendons of the shoulder called the acromion and a bit of itself fanning out, a part called the coracoid. Also connected to the scapula is the clavicle or collarbone. Another very important component to the shoulder is the rotator cuff, this is the most vital part to rotator cuff tendonitis. It is composed of four muscles and of various tendons that surround the shoulder socket that allow it to connect the upper arm and the shoulder blade together. Protecting the rotator cuff is is a small sac of fluid called a bursa. The humerus fits relatively loosely into the shoulder joint. This gives the shoulder a wide range of motion, but also makes it vulnerable to injury.

Upwards, is the knee in flexion caused by a separate group of muscles Connected to the scapula is the shoulder: the deltoid anterior, deltoid lateral, pectoralis major and bicep brachi contract to create forward flexion at one of these shoulder joints. Parallel the deltoid, infraspinatus and teresminor are contracted to cause extension of the shoulder joint. Travelling along each arm the triceps brachi and aneconeus muscles are contracted to extend the elbow joint. The radio-carpal joint in extension uses the extensor carpi radialis longus, abductor pollicis and flexor carpi radialis to perform the neutral positioning of the radio-carpel and extension of the phalanges

The shoulder is the most complex joint in the body. It is capable of moving in more than 16,000 positions. Many of its ailments, including the most common ones, involve biomechanical mechanisms that are unique to the shoulder. The most common shoulder problem for which professional help is sought out for is shoulder impingement (Haig 1996). Shoulder impingement is primarily an overuse injury that involves a mechanical compression of the supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa, and the long head of the biceps tendon, all of which are located under the coracoacromial arch (Prentice 2001). Impingement has been described as a continuum during which repetitive compression eventually leads to irritation and inflammation that progresses to

a. Compare and contrast the anatomical physiology of the shoulder joint and the hip joint. The shoulder and hip are considered ball and socket joints. In the shoulder, the “ball” of the humerus fits into the “socket” formed by the shoulder blade. In the hip, the “ball’ of the femur fits into the “socket” of the pelvis. These joints allow the motion in the body. Also, the shoulder joint and the joint are both synovial joints (diarthroses), meaning they both consists of:

The Humerus makes up the arm and is a long bone (Marieb 160). "At the distal end of the humerus is the medial trochlea which looks somewhat like a spool, and the lateral ball-like capitulum" (Marieb 161). These two processes join together with the radius and ulna which are the two bones or the forearm (Marieb 161). The ulna processes are allowed to move freely during flexion and extension of the elbow due to the coronoid fossa and the olecranon fossa (Marieb 161). The coronoid fossa is "a depression" (Marieb 161) above the trochlea anteriorly and the olecranon fossa is on the posterior surface (Marieb 161). These two depressions allow the "ulna to move when the elbow is extended and bent" (Marieb

Signs and Symptoms The patient with RA will experience joint pain and swelling as well as limited joint movement. RA is characterized by remissions and exacerbations: periods where the pain and swelling decrease and the patient feels better. This is soon reversed and the pain and swelling increase and the patient feels worse than before. The patient may also experience weakness and fatigue, as well as anorexia and weight loss due to the systemic inflammation. Contractures and deformities arise, the ulna may deviate and nodules may occur over bony prominence. New blood vessels develop to extend to the unprotected bone at the junction. This is called pannus and it causes necrosis; it is the pannus that separates other inflammatory diseases from

It is the largest bone in the arm. It is also the only bone in the upper arm. The humerus is connected to many parts such as muscles that help move the shoulder and the elbow. The humerus is so important to many types of actives such as texting, eating and cocktail shaking. The humerus is at the proximal end. The end of the humerus is smooth and round. Because it forms a ball it is connected to the shoulder to form a ball and socket joint. The glenoid cavity of the scapula acting at the socket because of this the humerus can move n full circles and rotate at the shoulder joint. The humerus is a long bone we know this because it is longer than it is wide. It is also a hollow bone which is supported inside by small layers of spongy bone also

One of the most common injuries among athletes is found to be in the shoulder region, which entails the shoulder joint and the shoulder girdle. The shoulder joint, is commonly referred to as the glenohumeral joint (ball and socket joint consisting of the ball/end of the humerus bone that sits in the socket of the shoulder). The overall shoulder region also entails the shoulder girdle (the scapula/shoulder blade), and clavicle (collar bone). The shoulder joint is predominantly vulnerable to injury because the large range of movement that it is capable of and the relatively small joint surfaces. In turn, this means that the joint itself is much less stable and therefore requires a number of sturdy muscles, ligaments, and tendons and to maintain the stability.

In this assignment I will reflect on why the musculoskeletal system interests me as well as looking at rotator cuff injury and the treatments for this.

Allowing for a wide range of movement, the shoulder consists of two main bones the scapula and the humerus with a connecting flexible joint. Arthritis and various shoulder injuries, including a torn rotator cuff or impingement syndrome may cause pain and limit range of motion. Using different shoulder pain management techniques may help in alleviating the symptoms.

The Glenohumeral Joint and its Function Within the Human Body The glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint, is one of the human body’s appendicular joints and boasts the greatest ROM (range of motion) of any joint in the body. An appendicular joint is a joint that is part of the appendicular skeleton which includes the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and limb bones. The appendicular joints typically have a larger range of motion, but due to this are often weaker than those found in the axial skeleton. The glenohumeral joint is responsible for articulating movement of the upper arm by way of pivoting the humerus at the point that it meets with the scapula.

The shoulder joint is extremely flexible compared to the rest of the joints in the body. This flexibility is partly due to the fact that it is a ball and socket joint. By being a ball and socket joint it means that it is capable of circumduction, angular, and rotational movement. It allows one’s arm to move up, down, to the right, to the left, and in a circle. Because it has a large range of movement, it is unstable and easily damaged. To make up for this, it has many ligaments and tendons to keep it in place. In addition, it also has the glenoid labrum which deepens the shallow glenoid cavity and makes it more stable.

4- Complete separation between the two compartments of the joint by Thus, it covers the upper and lower surfaces of soft retrodiskal pad. In lower compartment, the lining is continuous on the inner surface of the capsule then reflects on the condylar neck to a short distance to articular margin on the anterior aspect of the neck and up to articular margin on its posterior aspect. This forms fluid filled folds (sulci) in marginal gutters of joint cavity. Similarly in upper compartment the membrane lines the inner surface of the capsule only and not the articular surface of temporal bone or superior surface of the disk ( excepting upper surface of bilaminar region ) (Helms et al,1990)