Part Two of Human Karyotyping Activity: Synovial Sarcoma Synovial Sarcoma is a type of soft tissue cancer that is one of the rarest forms of soft tissue caner in the world that causes various tumors on different places of the body. Although there is not currently an indicator of what the cause of synovial sarcoma is, it is known that the cancer affects chromosome 18. It is reported that various parts of chromosome 18 switch places with chromosome X in the tumor cancer cells, and therefore there is a ‘mutant’ gene as a result, (Ferrari, Collini, and Espesset) which will continue to spread as mitosis continues to create more cells when it divides. For the disorder, since this type of cancer can affect different areas of soft tissue and there …show more content…
The most common treatments are: surgery- to remove the cancerous tissue and even the limb if necessary, radiation therapy- shooting high powered beams of energy into the cancerous cells, chemotherapy- a drug treatment used to kill cancerous cells, or targeted drug treatment- which blocks certain chemical signals from occurring and is also a bit newer (Mayo Clinic Staff). Unfortunately, one must also consider what stage the cancer has advanced to, for if it has reached somewhere such as stage II, III, IV, it may be very difficult or nearly impossible to treat it and be successful since the cancer is do advanced. It is advised to make healthier choices such as eating better, exercising, and resting, but most people are also advised with doing that also (American Cancer …show more content…
Most of the time, as regarding how sick it makes you depends on what stage the cancer has advance to, ranging from stage I to IV. For the morbidity or the state of having the disease in the population, it only occurs in 1 to 3 individuals within a population of a million individuals (Ferrari, Collini, and Espesset). As for mortality, of the number of people who have died from it, is determined by the stage the cancer is currently in (note- included survival rate since more positive perspective). For the overall survival rate within 5 years, it has ranged from 36-76% of individuals have survived with various treatments (St. Jude Research Staff). If one is looking at the survival rates for the major affected areas, the arms and legs, within a time span of 5 years for each stage are as followed: Stage I: 90%, Stage II: 81%, Stage III: 56%, Stage IV: N/A (American Cancer Society). Overall, just like any form of cancer, synovial sarcoma is not fully understood nor is it always positively curable, but this rare soft tissue cancer does have options to fight for survival, and more to come in the near
Several tests can be run once symptoms are noticed to earmark the disease with a proper diagnosis. Some of the tests include; a biopsy of the tumor, X-rays, a CT scan, a skeletal survey, bone scans or bone marrow aspiration (fluid sample) and biopsy (tissue sample). Once diagnosed, the treatments begin to hinder any advancement the cancer would or could make. Possibly removing the cancer completely through surgery is a possibility, while others include chemotherapy, radiation treatment, and bone marrow transplantation. Many times these treatments can be used concurrently with one another.
There are many different type of cancers, there are also many different types of treatments. One of the most known types of treatments would be chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can be used for a wide range of different types of cancers and diseases, and each of the different types of cancers or diseases require a different group, and sometimes order, of chemicals to properly treat the cancer or disease. These chemicals include: Alkylating agents, Antimetabolites, Anthracyclines, Topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, corticosteroids, and more. Each of these drugs previously listed have its own cancer type(s) or disease(s) that it can assist in treating. Some of these cancers include: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple
Osteosarcoma is also called osteogenic sarcoma in medical term (“Osteosarcoma”, n.d.). This cancer usually develops in growing bones. Although it can occur at any age, it‘s most commonly found in teenagers and young adults and is slightly more common in males than females. Any bone in the body can be affected, but the most common sites are the arms or legs, particularly around the knee joint(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012). This cancer is caused by benign tumors and other bone diseases, radiation exposure, genetic factors, children, adolescents, males more than females.(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012)
They may be applied to bloodstream or directly to a cancer site. Chemotherapy typically refers to the destruction of cancer cells, however some may include antibiotics or other medications to cure an illness or infection. Often, chemo is used alongside other treatments. Physical activity is important and it’s been found that patients who regularly exercise after chemotherapy treatment have a much lower risk of cancer recurrence. Chemotherapy generally has 5 goals; total remission, combination therapy, delay/prevent reoccurrence, slow down cancer progression and relieve cancer symptoms. The objective is to prevent cell division using cytotoxic drugs, to target cancer cells food source, enzymes and hormones that they need in order to grow, and to stop the growth of new blood vessels that supply the tumor. Patients can either receive monotherapy where they’re just given one drug, or combination where the patient receives more than one drug. These courses of chemo can be just a one day treatment or last for a few weeks, it depends on the type and stage of the cancer basically how advanced it
I already knew a few things about osteosarcoma since I have been around it with my cousins being affected. But along with that, I have also been looking at some reliable websites that have really been helpful for understanding what osteosarcoma is. All of these websites talk about how osteosarcoma is mostly a pediatric cancer, how after it is metastasized it is extremely hard to cure, and that there are some symptoms that can look like other injuries making it tough to diagnosis osteosarcoma right away. To have the most accurate information I have only been using reliable websites that I can trust and know have good information on them. This will help to have the most accurate and up to date information to give to my readers.
is done for this type of tumor is to treat the symptoms and palliative care of the
There are treatments that can help this Hodgkin disease (lymphoma). There is chemotherapy regimen which is a doxorubicin by injection and there is vinblastine by injection. There are other treatments like bleomycin by injection, and there is dacarbazine by injection, and also there is brentnxima vedotin by injection. There are procedures like radiation therapy which is therapy using ionizing radiation generally as part of cancer treatment to control or kill maligment cells. Radiation therapy may be artistic in a number of types of cancer if they are located to one area in the entire
James R. Ewing first described Ewing Sarcoma in 1921. It was a “diffuse endothelioma of bone” as he say. He realized that his highly aggressive bone cancer was extremely sensitive to radiation therapy. The exact causes for this cancer is still unknown until this day. Some children it can develop in for no apparent reason after they are born. This cancer is not infectious, so it’s not contagious at all. The symptoms may include bone pain,
Cancer affects individuals from all backgrounds, regardless of class, age, gender or ethnicity. It is known to be the leading cause of death in many countries (World Health Organization, 2013). According to the Canadian Cancer Society (2013) approximately half of all Canadians will develop cancer at some point during their lifetime. There are many different types of cancers affecting various regions of the body. A sarcoma is one classification of cancer that arises from connective tissues present in the body including bone, fat, muscles, blood vessels or the linings of joints (American Cancer Society, 2014). Rhabdomyosarcoma is defined as a cancerous tumor of undifferentiated skeletal muscle, and generally involves regions of the head and neck (Ojo, Si, Pelaez, & Younis, 2014). Rhabdomyosarcoma can be classified into three main types: embryonal, alveolar and anaplastic (Kikuchi et al., 2013). The purpose of this paper is to explore the disease process of rhabdomyosarcoma and analyze the findings relative to nursing practice.
There are 206 bones in the adult human skeleton; these bones relate to movement, posture, and protect internal organs (American society of Clinical Oncology, 2012).Bones connect to bones with ligaments and are covered and protected by cartilage (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012).Cancer of the bone is rare but is caused by normal bone marrow and tissues inside the bone that change and form tumors(American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The tumor happens in the bone and is benign it does not spread (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The benign tumor can press against surrounding tissues and weaken the bone it it grows big enough (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Malignant bone tumors break the surrounding tissue and cortex, hard covering of the bone (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The tumor can then get into the bloodstream and spread all over the body (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma are the two most common type of bone cancer (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Chondrosarcoma is more common in adults and is cancer of the cartilage (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The last type of bone cancer is chordoma which usually starts in the lower spinal cord (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Ewing sarcoma is a type of bone cancer that affects the hip, rib, and middle of bone most often (National Cancer Institution, 2015). Ewing
According to the Mayo Clinic (2013), Osteosarcoma sign and symptoms include the following: pain in and around the bone, swelling and tenderness near the affected site, broken or fractured bones, fatigue and unexplained weight loss. American Cancer Society (2014), says pain in the bone is the most common indicator. Initially, the pain is intermittent and occurs mainly at night. The pain gets worse with any physical activities. If a tumor is in the lower extremity, it may cause a limp. Edema in the region of the pain may not be prominent for a few weeks. You may be able to palpate a lump, depending on its location. Symptoms often go unnoticed in children and teens because pain or swelling in the limb is rather common in normal, active kids and adolescences. Unfortunately because of this, cancer goes undetected for a period of time. Osteosarcoma will weaken the bone in which it was formed, but the bone will not break. Most of the time, people with a fracture next to an osteosarcoma describe that the extremity was aching for a few months, but later noticed it became very painful once the fracture happened.
These include; where the tumor is, how big it is, if it has spread to any other parts or areas of the body, the patients weight and age, if there is a break in the bone caused by the tumor, and if the patient has any genetic diseases. After those issues have been addressed treatment is able to be determined (Osteosarcoma and MFH of Bone Treatment). There are also two broad categories of Osteosarcoma and they are low grade and high grade. During low grade the common treatment is wide excision only and chemotherapy is not usually recommended before or after the surgery. If it is high grade Osteosarcoma then chemotherapy is usually performed for 2-3 cycles before surgery and 3-4 cycles after surgery (Choy, E.). Chemotherapy is not the only treatment for Osteosarcoma. The three things that are usually combined and used are; surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. During surgery, the surgeon goes in and removes the tumor and any surrounding tissues so that area is “free of disease”. Another surgery procedure that is performed is radioplasty, which is where the ankle joint is used as a replacement for the knee joint after an amputation. After surgery, a pathologist looks at the amputated bone to see how many tumors have died due to the chemotherapy. This helps to decide on what antibiotics to start using and if chemotherapy should be continued. Radiation therapy is not
As the cancer continues to spread throughout society, many treatments are creating in order to help the patients during their time in need. Although the most popular and used often
Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply out of control and gradually build a mass of tissue called a tumor. There has been a large amount of research dedicated to the treatment and cure of cancer. Several types of treatments have been developed. The following are just some of the major examples of cancer therapy: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biologic therapy, biorhythms, unconventional treatments, and hyperthermia. Each type of treatment is discussed in detail below.
Several methods such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have been used to treat cancers. The cancer patients who are not helped