Synthesis And Characterization Of Ha / Alumina

Nano-composite plastics and carbon nanotubes have been utilized for industrial and consumer packaging, the later offering an improved packaging solution for electronics components by making the materials used lighter and stronger. Nano-porous silica is a high porous, low-density solid material that supports various temperatures making it a great insulation product that can be applied in a wide range of fields from pipe insulation to refrigerators and even microelectronics. Nanoparticle based colloids are employed in the manufacturing of sunscreens, paints, and printer inks and nano-coatings can be applied in order to obtain scratch resistant surfaces. Composite nano-materials can be considered the basis for all the other current and future commercial applications of nanotechnology.

The element Aluminium has a symbol of Al and has an atomic number of 13. It is a very light, soft and useful metal used for many things such as cans, foil and kitchen utensils. It is a ductile metal, a good conductor of heat and electricity, does not corrode and is a solid at room temperature. It was discovered in 1825 by Hans Christian Oersted in Denmark. Aluminium is one of the most used metals in the world as well as one of the most commonly found metals in the Earth’s crust.

In addition, the biomimetic glue is also able to transport potent drugs or even genes to affected areas where they are needed, whilst fixing the targeted area simultaneously. They can deliver pain killers, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medicines or even stem cells to the sites where the adhesive is applied, making it a great choice for medical procedures involving the repair of broken bone (Noria Corporation, n.d.). Utilizing biomimetic adhesives for the repair of broken bones replaces the need of metal screws and pins which are potentially hazardous and are not always effective, especially for small fractures, making the synthetic adhesives a safer and better alternative (APAGE, 2013). Scientists have also taken an inert polymer naturally found in humans called hyaluronic acid-catechol (fig. 6) and the inert polymer found in algae called alginate catechol (fig.7), and modified them into an adhesive gel that mimics the structure of the proteins in mussel glue by adding

As you are allowed to attend only one lab make-up session, please contact Prof. Jennifer Chabra for further details. Please also copy me on the

Based on the calculation data of Concentration-Absorbance plot (Appendix 1), the equation between concentration (mg/ml) and absorbance (AU) is: AU= 1.0057C, R2=0.9924. The concentration change of solutions for continuous 10 min are in Appendix 2. The concentration of solution decreased sharply at first 20 min and then reach the equilibrium after 40 min. According to the adsorption data and equilibrium equation, the beads adsorption abilities can be calculated as following: he saturated adsorptions of beads from Ratio 1 to Ratio 7 are: 24.2020 mg/g, 20.2313 mg/g, 18.0074 mg/g, 15.1917 mg/g, 11.3437 mg/g, 28.0750 mg/g and 20.0573 mg/g. the highest adsorption level of ceramic beads is Ratio 6 (28.0750 mg/g absorption level with the ratio RH: Clay: flour= 5: 4: 0)), the lowest level of beads shows at Ratio 5 (11.3437 mg/g absorption level with the ratio RH: Clay: flour= 1: 8: 1). The saturation level is changed with the change of beads compositions ratios. Figure 3.1 marks the absorption saturation of 7 ratios of beads under the same burning condition.

A wide choice of constituting polymers, both natural and synthetic, delivers diverse properties which can be engineered into the hydrogel matrices, such as cell adhesiveness low-fouling behavior, etc.[219] Hydrogel immobilization of biological materials is useful because pores within the gel are in the range of 1-10 nm in diameter. This allows the entry of small molecules, such as enzyme substrates, but it prevents relatively large entities such as cells and enzymes.[220] Because of their biocompatibility and high water absorbability, hydrogels are used in many biological applications, including controlled drug release, cell delivery, artificial organs, biosensors, contact

Reported incidences of toxicity due to aluminium based vaccines have always been a concern (Clements, 1996; Clements and Griffiths, 2002; Edleman, 1997). Therefore, there has always been a constant effort to search for alternative adjuvants. Polymeric micro and nanoparticles can act as a delivery vehicle and along with their adjuvanting capabilities may enhance the efficacy of the vaccine (Gregory et al., 2013; Koping-Hoggard et al., 2005; Panyam and Labhasetwar, 2003). Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have been studied as potential adjuvants by many researchers but no considerable success has been achieved in this direction. Moreover, in none of these studies, immunised test animals were exposed to the actual disease causing agent and efficacy of the formulations was demonstrated only by the presence of anti-tetanus antibodies by ELISA (Johansen et al., 2000; Katare and Panda, 2006; Raghuvanshi et al., 2001). Absolute estimation of vaccine efficacy should also be made by exposing the vaccinated individual to the actual disease causing agent. Furthremore, for a vaccine to be used in pre-clinical or clinical studies, potency testing of vaccine should be undertaken as per WHO and/or pharmocopoeial guidelines for ensuring its efficacy and acceptability (European Pharmacopoeia, 2008; Indian Pharmacopoeia, 2010; World Health Organisation, 1990). In our study, the efficacy of the test formulations was evaluated by ELISA as well as challenge method and synergistic effect of

Conductive polymers have promising applications in the field of tissue engineering as tissue scaffolds. Many tissue types respond favorably to electrical stimulation, because of this conductive polymers can be used for the regeneration of damaged tissue. This review will focus on the synthesis and fabrication of conductive polymers as well as their applications in tissue engineering.

Apparently, the biomaterial used in fabrication of scaffolds may influence its significant features, such as biodegradability, bioactivity and porosity. The bioactivity, including cell adhesion, cell alignment and interaction between scaffolds and cellular components could be enhanced by adding the biological cues onto the biomaterials. Besides that, it is also important for

since the end of the 19th century, hydrothermal synthesis of inorganic materials has been carried out. It is defined as the precipitation of these materials from aqueous solutions at temperatures above the boiling point and at pressures greater than ambient pressure. This method is actually environmentally because it does not require any organics or additional processing such as calcinations. That is the reason why it has been widely used for synthesis of a wide range of materials especially metal oxides such as hematite and quartz. Hydrothermal synthesis of quartz was demonstrated several decades ago and now currently used commercially. The traditional hydrothermal synthesis method is carried out in an autoclave type reactor where an aqueous solution is heated slowly to a certain temperature and then aged for several hours or days. In the case of the formation of metal oxides, hydrothermal synthesis method is generally involve two reactions which are hydrolysis of the meal salts followed by dehydration.

The advancement in technology has resulted in new and intriguing applications for the materials that in the past were considered inconceivable. This is evidenced in the rapidly emerging nanotechnology field. The distinctive size-dependent characteristics of substances on the scale of nanometer have led to their applications in various disciplines, for instance, solar cells, bio-imaging, drug delivery, wavelength-tunable lesser and catalysis. Nanometer-sized materials are materials that range in size from one to one hundred in nanometre scale. Organic polymers are macromolecules or molecules which are made up of several repeated subunits (monomers). The polymer can either be natural or synthetic. The ‘nanometer-sized polymer materials’ are described as polymer materials with sizes that range from 1 to 100 on a nanometer scale. The majority of the nanometer-sized organic polymers in various applications are formed from the combination of the organic components and the metal at the molecular level. This kind of combination has provided a new class of hybrid nanomaterials referred to as the nanoscale coordination polymers. The nanoscale coordination polymers are synthesized from the polydentate bringing ligand and the metal ion cluster that possesses at least two empty coordination sites. Some examples of coordination polymers are the mixed metal cyanometallates and the Prussian blue. The coordination polymers can be made from different organic building blocks

Fig.5 shows the XRD patterns for pure PVdF-HFP, undispersed GPE and nanocomposite gel films dispersed with different amount of Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 nanofillers. The characteristic XRD peaks of PVdF-HFP, observed at Bragg angles, 2θ ~17.7˚, 20.0˚, 26.5˚, 38.4˚, 39.0˚, 45.0˚ and 65˚ indicate its semi-crystalline nature (Fig. 5a). The XRD pattern of undispersed GPE shows a broad hump between 12˚ and 28˚ (Fig. 5b) which shows the predominant amorphous nature of the GPE. The PVdF-HFP peaks at 17.7˚, 28.0˚, 26.5˚ overlap in the broad peak and the peaks at 38.4˚, 39.0˚, 45.0˚ and 65˚ disappear. These changes reveal that the liquid electrolyte dominates the crystallographic feature of PVdF-HFP in GPE and functions as a plasticizer

In recent years, inorganic and chemosynthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SIONPs) such as Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MgNPs) have attracted extensive interest for their biocompatible (Kunzmann et al., 2011) and low toxic properties mainly in the human body studied (Jeng and Swanson, 2006; Karlsson et al., 2009) which make them as promising remedial tools in related fields. Magnetite nanoparticles is the most-studied for many technological applications in biomedicine, such as high sensitivity biomolecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Bulte et al., 2001), in vivo targeted drug delivery (Sunderland et al., 2006), hyperthermic agents and enhancer in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer (Gupta and Gupta, 2005;

A nanocomposite is multiphase material consist one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions of less than 100 nm. Polymer nanocomposities have existed for decades. Term “nanocomposites” first appeared in 1994[Lan & Pinnavaia (1994), Lan et al. (1995), Giannelis(1996)]. After this a lot of researches started on the field of various fillers. Due to increased demands for the improvement in the performance of polymer materials led to emergence of new technologies.

The Al-Zn-Mg series aluminium alloys (7xxx) are the heat treatable alloys and widely applied as large structural components in navigation and transportation facilities, due to good combination of hardness, high strength and fracture toughness [1-6]. The use of Sc (scandium) to achieve grain refinement has recently received great attention. The microstructures and properties of aluminium alloys are strongly affected by adding small quantities of scandium. Scandium additions in excess of 0.55wt.% (i.e., hypereutectic) are very effective in grain refinement, suggesting that the primary ScAl3 phase serves as an effective grain nucleant [7-9].