Synthesis Of Lithium

Laboratory Report/ Miranda Tefft/ Homeostatic Imbalances of Thyroid Function/ Aline Potvin/ 11.18.2014/ Page [2] of [3]

Laboratory Report/ Brent Good/ Homeostatic Imbalances of Thyroid Function/ Thomas Redenbaugh/ 12.09.2014/ Page [3] of

Week 3 – LOM Assignment The thyroid is responsible for taking iodine and converting it into thyroid hormones which are released into the blood stream and transported throughout the body where they control metabolism.1 The thyroid is a vital part of the human body as every cell in the body depends on it for metabolic regulation. Too much or too little thyroid hormone secretion can result in hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is caused when the thyroid secretes too many thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism causes a rapid heart rate, elevated blood pressure and tremors. Other symptoms include increased nervousness, inability to concentrate, weakness, restlessness, difficulty sleeping, frequent bowel movements, weight loss and irregular

Background: An 83 year old female is taking her levothyroxine medication to help treat her thyroid disorder induced by Hashimoto. She has been taking this medication for thirty years. While always being adherent to taking her medication, she has never really understood what Hashimoto thyroiditis actually is, or why levothyroxine is the best choice of therapy for treating her hypothyroidism caused by the disease. She is also positive for hypertension, GERD, and insomnia.

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is considered an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid, first discovered in 1912, by a Japanese doctor, Hakaru Hashimoto. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis disease is currently considered a genetically predisposed disorder caused by both environmental and endogenous conditions. Genetically predisposed Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, occurs more often in Caucasians over other ethnicities. Environmental factors that produce the autoimmune disorder are infections, disproportionate iodine intake, drugs, as well as chemical and radiation exposure, according to Syrenicz, Anhelli (2013) This paper will discuss the importance of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis disease, symptoms, Metabolic and Physiological effects, treatment options, and side effects associated with treatments.

Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical condition caused by excess circulating serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), or both with suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). A negative feedback loop involving the hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid gland regulates the production and release of thyroid hormones. (Fig. 1) The hypothalamus releases thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH), stimulating the pituitary gland to release TSH, in turn stimulating the thyroid gland to release T4 and T3. Enhanced production of T4 and T3

The first unknown is BaCl2, the second unknown is Sr(NO3)2, and the third unknown is KCl. This was determined through observing that each of the respective unknown solutions displayed the most similar color to its respective known solution, meaning that the electrons were making the same energy transfers, therefore being the same solution.

Lithium is a mood stabilizer that can be prescribed to treat mood disorders such as bipolar disorder. Lithium can be used to prevent episodes of mania in bipolar disorders.

Kimberly has been taking 1200 mg a day. Kimberly is currently in Pre-trial Diversion to eventually get back in college. Not only is it important for Kimberly to be drug free, but she has to be stabilized by using medication and learning effective coping skills. When a client experiences side effects, one may find oneself neglecting to take the drug (Ingersoll & Rak, 2016). Kimberly stated that she had not been feeling like herself when taking lithium. Kimberly has been feeling sick to the stomach when taking lithium. Although Kimberly was taking lithium on a regular basis again, she has experienced dry mouth and fatigue (McIntyre, 2015).

TSH not only stimulates the thyroid gland to churn out more hormones. If in excess, can cause overwhelming cell growth and division to result in goiter.

Lithium Carbonate is also known as Lithobid or also Eskalith. When taking Lithium, it alters the sodium transport nerve and muscle cells. The alterations of the sodium transport in the two areas can cause the intraneuronal metabolism of catecholamines. When taking any medication,

The main cause of hyperthyroidism Graves’ disease which affects quite a few people in the general population. This disease is characterized as an autoimmune disorder. This means that the body makes antibodies known as thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin that bind and over activate the production of thyroid hormones [3]. So in essence the antibody mimics the thyroid stimulating hormone and when the negative feedback loop is in affect the antibody still binds to the thyroid and T3 and T4 are over produced [2].

Lithium is primarily used for treating acute mania. However, lithium may also treat the manic and depressive episodes of the disorder. In addition, lithium is known for its prevention of suicide compared to other treatment options. Though, with any medication there will be side effects. Side effects associated with lithium include increased thirst, increased urination, rashes, dry mouth, bloating, diarrhea, and weight gain. In certain cases, the toxicity of lithium may cause renal failure. However, these side effects may diminish with monitoring and proper dosage by a

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, also called Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland. It was named for the Japanese surgeon who discovered it in 1912 The thyroid is a small butterfly shaped gland in the front of the neck. The thyroid makes hormones called T3 and T4. These hormones regulate metabolism. The thyroid is controlled by hormones of the pituitary gland, which is also called the “master gland.” It is a pea-sized gland located in the base of the brain which, among others, makes thyroid stimulating hormone, or TSH. TSH stimulates the thyroid to make thyroid hormone. With Hashimoto’s disease, the thyroid cells are damaged resulting in the inability to make enough thyroid