Synthesis of Mdma

Mayo, D. W.; Pike, R. M.; Forbes, D. C. Microscale Organic Laboratory with Multistep and Multiscale Syntheses, 5th ed.; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011; pp 132-135.

MDMA, or methylenedioxy-methylamphetamine, is a chemical that affects the release of serotonin in the brain and is a schedule I drug in the United states. Most commonly known as a part of the ecstasy pill or molly powder capsule, this crystalline drug is used at raves, parties, and clubs worldwide for a heightened sense of euphoria and a myriad of psychedelic effects. This substance is known as the love drug for it's ability to bring people closer together and lower normal social anxieties with its empatheogenic effects. In the last few years, more and more studies have been done on the valid psychiatric use for counseling and couples therapy. Here are some of the things found during the most recent of these studies.

There are a variety of age who uses this drugs, ranging from 12 to 70. There are report about adolescents abusing this drugs, from 8th grade to 10th and 12th grade. The numbers of 10th and 12th grade users have been dropped significantly since the introduction of this drug in the U.S. But the 8th grade users have stayed the same throughout the years. However, there is a significant decrease amount of users every years since the introduction of methamphetamine in the 1950’s-1960’s

MDMA or Ecstasy is a synthetic, psychoactive drug similar to methamphetamine a stimulant and mescaline a hallucinogen. Ecstasy has several slang names including Molly, E, Adam, Hug Drug, Love Drug, XTC, and Essence.

Ecstasy and Molly are both forms of MDMA; however, when bought illegally usually they contain very little if any actual MDMA. Molly and Ecstasy are some of the easiest drugs to lace

The drug 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), or Ecstasy, is a well known and widely used drug. It is commonly known as "Molly" (colloquial speech for “molecular”) in the United states or "Mandy" in the UK. Other names are “XTC” or “E,” Adam, Clarity, or Essence (Kelly 2000). The term MDMA refers to Ecstasy which has been chemically altered with other additives like caffeine, dextromethorphan (found in some cough syrups), amphetamines, PCP, or cocaine to the pills, tablets, or capsules. Frequently, other chemicals are substituted for MDMA, such as synthetic cathinones, the chemicals in “bath salts” (NIDA for Teens 2015).

Methylenedioxy- Methamphetamine (MDMA) “Ecstasy” Or “Molly is a synthetic drug derivative from both Amphetamine and Mescaline. According to Narconon.com a drug rehabilitation and education website little is known about the true origins of MDMA, Most people believe that MDMA was manufactured by the German pharmaceutical company Merck in 1912 in order to create an appetite suppressor. The original name for MDMA was ‘Methylsafrylamin’ the pharmaceutical company Merck later decide against selling the drug for some reason and nothing else came of it until, Doctor Alexander Shulgin A graduate of the University of California at Berkeley with a PhD in Biochemistry and a research chemist with Dow Chemicals. Shulgin work for Dow Chemical was profitable and controversial, he created several controversial patents for what were to become popular street drugs.

Ecstasy is a pill formed drug that stimulates the brain to release stress and also to get high. Eecstasy pills contain different drugs such as methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), they can also be a mix of amphetamine, paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA), ketamine, NBOMe, methylene or other substances. people usually tend to take it at hardcore parties. (Google, {2015})

MDMA, or as its chemical name 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, is an illicit drug that performs as both a psychedelic and stimulant, creating an energizing effect, not only that but distortions in perception and time, and improves enjoyment of tangible experiences. Typically, MDMA is found in a capsule or tablet and is taken orally, its effects can last

MDMA, or 3-4 methylene-dioxymethamphetimine, is defined as being a "synthetic psychoactive drug with both stimulant (amphetamine-like) and hallucinogenic (LSD-like) properties" (MDMA 1). MDMA is similar to amphetamines in respect to physiological symptoms induced by the drug, including increased heart rate and blood pressure, dilation of bronchial tubes of the lungs (ironically helping asthma), dilated pupils, and increased blood flow to muscle tissue (Kuhn 72). Its similarity to LSD occurs in the effect that it has on mood, creating a relaxed feeling

2-amine. A fun fact to point out is that MDMA has a benzene ring formation in it’s

Being a consistent partygoer you may be exposed to a variety of interesting and highly addictive party drugs called MDMA’s or specifically ecstasy. Drugs like MDMA are often seen in the party lifestyle and are considered designer drugs because of the type of people who consumes them and the price. As lively as the drug may seem it can be extremely dangerous. The substances are typically produced in illegal laboratories, using a variety of chemicals. It is extremely difficult to predict their strength, what their effects will be and whether they contain poisonous ingredients (PAD). Drugs such as these pose serious risk to young people's health because these hallucinogens aren't grown naturally but made in a lab under no supervision. Anything

Although this may be true it doesn not cure anything it does what any other drug does give you a false sense of happiness. The way this drug works as soon as it enters the bloodstream it goes straight for you brain. Specifically it goes to the part of your brain that produces serotonin. Serotonin essentially is the chemical your brain produces when your happy. MDMA or ecstasy goes for the serotonin to push out as much as it can. Another danger of this drug is it can be sold to people who do not know what it looks like for something more dangerous. This may be harmful because serotonin is what regulates your overall mood and body temperature. When this much serotonin is pushed out the body temperature is can go up to 110 degrees fahrenheit or higher. At 110 degrees fahrenheit blood starts to coagulate “in the past 2 decades dozens of users died to this” (John C.). This is a dangerous short term effect of MDMA but there are other dangerous effects of MDMA that are long term as well. As the ecstasy forces serotonin out it reshapes the brain cells that produces chemicals. A recent study pinning people who have never taken ecstasy vs people who took it 2 weeks prior shows that there are less serotonin receptors in people who have taken ecstasy. This makes it harder for your body to regulate emotions so mood swings occur frequently. Depending on how hard the mood swing hits this could be dangerous. Another danger of ecstasy is it’s look, it looks like almost all other medicine. This can be dangerous because you never know if it will show up in your medicine cabinet by mistake (it is not likely to happen but there have been cases). More short term symptoms for ecstasy include paranoia, addiction, muscle tension and worst case scenario death. Other long term effects of ecstasy include kidney failure, hemorrhage, and

As reported by Esteve et al, Methanol was used as an alternative solvent for cocaine extraction averting the destruction of the banknotes.2, 4, 9, 10 Esteve et al measured the recovery percent of 98±3%, while spiking cocaine standard solution for non-circulated euro banknotes.10 Accordingly, in this work, a known concentration of cocaine was added to one of the cocaine extracts thereafter; the concentration was determined by immunoassay. The results showed that, the measured concentration represented the corresponded combined concentration of the detected unknown concentrations and the known spiked concentration. As highlighted by Esteve et al, the effect of fats and matrix effect affecting the extraction process was detected in euro banknotes,

Opium was obtained from the anti-drug office of Police and GC-mass spectrometry was used to analysis the opium. The obtained opium composed of about 30% alkaloids (morphine 15%, thebaine 4.4%, codeine 5.2% and papaverine 3.7%,) and the remainder consisted of non- alkaloidal organic and non-organic substances with 15.5% water