Synthetic Proteins And Cellular Components Essay

VOCABULARY: Without using the internet, write the definition for the words you know. Then if you have blanks look them up in your textbook. (middle of the book A)

You may use the lab manual, pre-lab lectures, and credible internet resources, however you may not use your cell bio lab classmates as a resource. You will most likely see this material again on the Final and I highly encourage you to work individually and seek help from myself or your TA. Plagiarism will result in an automatic zero.

gluconeogenesis slow down in which release of glucose to the blood stream is also slowed down

In Figure 3, there is a collected data with the total washes and the elution fraction with the RFUs from the Ni+2 Agarose column. E3 had the highest elution fraction with 8554 RFUs. In the Bradford assay, E3 had the highest protein amount with 65.5ug. The specific activity for E3 was about 1.28E5 RFUs/mg. Overall, in the Figure 3, the E1-E6 had most of the rGFPs due to being bonded in Ni+2. W1-W6 rGFP is much smaller than the E1-E6 amounts.

The organ is a beautifully complex instrument. In the performance by Dr. Stephen Self, the vast ability of both the instrument and the organist were exhibited. Before a note was played, the splendor of the instrument could be observed with the beauty and multitude of the pipes visible in the facade. The majesty of the event continued with the confidence and calmness with which Dr. Self approached the organ console. With the first note, the resonance of the organ was communicated. From a memorable piece to a technical performance, a relaxing melody to a powerful piece, this performance displayed the versatility of the organ and the organist alike.

Proteins are polymeric chains that are built from monomers called amino acids. All structural and functional properties of proteins derive from the chemical properties of the polypeptide chain. There are four levels of protein structural organization: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Primary structure is defined as the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The secondary structure refers to certain regular geometric figures of the chain. Tertiary structure results from long-range contacts within the chain. The quaternary structure is the organization of protein subunits, or two or more independent polypeptide chains.

This is done by means of the aminoacyl attachment site (the site at which the amino acid is attached to the tRNA molecule). Each tRNA molecule, by means of their anticodons (a sequence of three exposed free bases complimentary to that of the codons on

The Functions of Proteins Introduction Protein accounts for about three-fourths of the dry matter in human tissues other than fat and bone. It is a major structural component of hair, skin, nails, connective tissues, and body organs. It is required for practically every essential function in the body. Proteins are made from the following elements; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and often sulphur and phosphorus.

If I could develop my own organelle to put inside a eukaryotic animal cell, the organelle would fight cancer. This organelle would be surrounded by lipid bilayer to keep its own strong chemicals inside. The chemicals would kill the cancer, eventually being processed out by the body as

Enzymes are an important part of all metabolic reactions in the body. They are catalytic proteins, able to increase the rate of a reaction, without being consumed in the process of doing so (Campbell 96). This allows the enzyme to be used again in another reaction. Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy, the energy needed to break the chemical bonds between reactants allowing them to combine with other substances and form products (Campbell 100). In this experiment the enzyme used was acid phosphates (ACP), and the substrate was p-nitrophenyl phosphate.

Unnatural peptides define as the chemical process to peptides consisting of different unnatural amino acids.1,2 Unnatural peptides consist of two carbon atoms between the carboxylate group and the amino group comparing to natural peptides, which consist of one carbon atom between the carboxylate group and the amino group.1,3 There are many kinds of unnatural amino acids such as β-peptides (β3 and β2), Homo-amino acids, Proline and Pyruvic acid derivatives and N-methyl amino acids.1,4 The β-peptides are more popular than another kind.3 Because they are more stable. In addition, they show high selectivity.3,5 The β-peptides have at least five helices structures such as 12-helix, 14-helix, 12/10-helix, 10-helix and 8-helix.3 The 12-helix, 14-helix

The primary protein structure can be likened to a human chain in which each person is assumed to be an amino acid and their hands viewed as the carboxyl and amino groups. The person on one end of the chain, who has a free left hand, is assumed to be the free carboxyl group. The person on the other end, who has a free right hand, is assumed to be the free amino group. Everyone in this chain has a left hand linked to somebody’s right hand and a right hand linked to somebody else’s left hand forming peptide bonds. The heads and legs just like the side chains and hydrogens, do not take part in the linking.

Nucleus- “the brain” or control center of the cell. The Nucleus, a membrane-bound structure of a cell, plays two crucial roles in controlling the cell. The nucleus carries the cell's genetic information that determines if the organism will develop, for instance, into a tree or a human; and it directs most cell activities including growth, metabolism, and reproduction by controlling protein synthesis. The presence of a nucleus distinguishes the more complex eukaryotic cells of plants and animals from the simpler prokaryotic cells of bacteria and cyanobacteria that lack a nucleus. The nucleus is the most predominate structure in the cell. It is typically round and occupies 10% of the cells total volume. The nucleus is wrapped in a

Name ____________________________ I) Introduction All cells contain four major types of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. In today’s lab, we will be studying three of the four-proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Various chemical tests can be used to detect the presence of each of these molecules. Most of the tests involve a color change visible to the eye. If a color change is observed, the test is considered positive. If the color change is not observed, the test is negative, indicating that a particular molecule is not present. In all the chemical tests we will be performing, we will also be using a control. In most cases, the control will be a sample of

Protein synthesis is one of the most fundamental biological processes. To start off, a protein is made in a ribosome. There are many cellular mechanisms involved with protein synthesis. Before the process of protein synthesis can be described, a person must know what proteins are made out of. There are four basic levels of protein organization. The first is primary structure, followed by secondary structure, then tertiary structure, and the last level is quaternary structure. Once someone understands the makeup of a protein, they can then begin to learn how elements can combine and go from genes to protein. There are two main processes that occur during protein synthesis, or peptide formation. One is transcription and