IMPLEMENTATION OF EXTERNAL PACEMAKER FOR ELDERLY AND HEART PATIENTS USING PIC
P.Vignesh1, M.Karkodan2, B.Lakshadeep3, M.MadhanKumar4
1Assistant Professor/ECE, 2, 3, 4 UG Students/ECE
SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL
Abstract—An increase in world population along with a significant aging portion is forcing rapid rises in healthcare costs. The healthcare system is going through a transformation in which continuous monitoring of inhabitants is possible even without hospitalization. Now we are using advanced sensing systems to monitor the heart patients and provide first-aid to them in case of emergency. We now demonstrate the real time application in heart rate beat analysing by heart rate monitor and ensure proper working of heart. This paper reviews the latest
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Normally heart beat is measured in beats per minute “bpm”. Heart beat is the number of contractions (heart beats) of heart in one minute.
Heart beat varies for everyone as listed follows :
Childhood : 120 bpm
` Adult male: 70 bpm
Adult female: 75 bpm
But the reference range is between 60 bpm (bradycardia) – 100 bpm (tachycardia) for aged people.
Pulse rate is the direct way to measure heart rate, but it can vary when some heart beats do not have much cardiac output. At that time heart rate may be higher than the pulse rate.
3. PACEMAKER
An external pacemaker that has a pulse generator to generate an extrinsic electrical impulse, causing the heart muscle to depolarise and then contract ; its rate is preset regardless of the heart’s intrinsic activity. It can be temporary or implanted
An artificial pacemaker located outside the body, the primary types are transcutaneous and transvenous.
V.CONCLUSION
The progress in science & technology is a non-stop process. New things and new technology are being invented. As the technology grows day by day, we can imagine about the future in which thing we may occupy every
Once the thirty seconds was up, the person counting stopped and the heart rate (beats per second) was recorded. The same process was done again, but the counter counted the hearts beats for 1 minute. Again, after the 1-minute was up the heart rate was recorded for 1 minute. The same process was done again for 2 minutes, afterwards being recorded.
If the resistance increases, cardiac output decreases and the blood pressure increase and if the resistance decreases, cardiac output increase and the blood pressure decreases. During each contraction, the amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle is stroke volume. The number of heartbeat in each minute is known as heart rate. The normal heart rate value for adult is 60-100 beats per minute. The cardiac output is directly proportional to the stroke volume and heart rate. The average arterial pressure during one cardiac cycle is mean arterial pressure (MAP), which is directly related to the cardiac output and resistance. The instrument sphygmomanometer with an air cuff attached to the reservoir is used to detect blood pressure associated with the pulse.
The pulse can be taken on two pressure points. One on the neck this is called carotid artery however it is sometimes quiet hard to find, so people measure from the wrist, the Radial artery, with two fingers as the thumb as a pulse but is uneven and can affect accuracy. The average heart rate for 15-20 year olds is 122-163 bmp. Exercise causes the blood to pump faster, making our intake for oxygen more and temperature rise, which creates sweat.
The resting heart rate fluctuates over time because it is under control of the autonomic nervous system and the fluctuations are a result of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems trying to balance each other out.
Arrhythmias are irregular rhythms of the heartbeat which can be fast paced or slow paced.
Introduction: Heart rate is the measure of beats the heart pumps per minute. A resting heart rate for a normal healthy individual is between 60-100. If the resting heart rate is above 100 it could be a result of Tachycardia and if it is below 60 it could be a result of Bradycardia. Heart rate can fluctuate due to over all health, whether you active or sedentary, or through certain substances we put in our bodies.
If more energy is exerted in each exercise the heart rate will increase. This will be measured by checking for pulse and count beats for 5 seconds and multiply by 12. Controlled Variable: It will be the same person doing each exercise because each person has different athletic level and having different people do the exercise will affect the data. Also before each trial the exceriser will rest and record the normal bpm and then perform the exercise. Materials: 1
The heart rate is measured with an electrocardiogram, or ECG. This is a machine that measures the electrical impulses from the patient's heart. This is displayed on a monitor or ECG graph paper. The boxes on the graph paper measure time. Five small boxes are equal to one large box. The large box represents two-tenths of a second.
If we do not, we would not get accurate results. If we were to take the subject’s pulse rate standing up the heart rate would rise because the muscles are working to keep the subject upright. The heart rate would have to work harder in order to keep their muscles working.
Ensuring that the patient was relaxed and comfortable I began to take her pulse, using my three middle finger tips to locate the pulse. I did so for 15 second and timed by fore for the next 15 seconds I measured her respiration rate and timed by 4. I did not explain to my patient that I was taking her respirations as looking at her chest may have made her feel uncomfortable and increase her respirations. Her pulse rate ending up being 85 beats per minute and respirations were 15 breaths per minute. These results were within normal range, as her pulse rate was between 80 and 120 bpm and respirations were between 12 and 20 (Tollefson, 2010). The change in pulse and respiration rate can increase during excercise. If a pulse is recorded below 50 bpm the patient can be at risk of a heart attach. A fast pulse exceeding 100 bpm can be a sign of infection or dehydration. This can be detected quickly and appropriate action taken to prevent negative affects on the patient’s well being.
A heart rate is the number of times the heart beats a minute.A person's heart rate can differ depending on many different things such as,weight,height,age, and possible heart conditions. A healthy human heart can beat anywhere from 70 to 85 beats per minute. These numbers can differ between genders. The average heart rate in males is between 70 to 72 beats per minute. On the other hand, the average heart rate in females can be anywhere from 78 to 82 beats per minute. The reason for the difference in heart rates in males and females is that the size of the average female heart is usually smaller than the average male heart. The smaller female heart does not require a large amount of blood to pump for each heart beat. So for the female heart
Press lightly until you feel a pulse (These instructions may also be demonstrated by the instructor for a visual aid), count the pulse for one minute using a watch or a clock with a second hand. The number you count is your heart rate. The normal heart rate for school age
There are several different pieces of types of heart rate monitors used. The most basic type of heart rate monitor is the watch and chest strap combination. Or there is also just a watch like heart rate monitor. There also the heart rate monitors that are included on treadmills, bicycles and elliptical machines. The heart rate monitors on machines are as accurate. Like the heart rate monitors on a treadmill, there are also heart rate monitors they are in a shape of a bar, hand grip. These heart rate monitor look similar to ones that are on treadmills because they use the same use the same gripping motion.
Innovations in mobile technology have brought remote healthcare management to the forefront of advanced medical care. The ability to record the cardiac activity of a patient at home has been available for some time. But that method utilized a recording device worn by the patient, which needed to be brought in to a hospital or doctor’s office for a healthcare professional to analyze. Today, real-time monitoring in the patient’s home is a reality.
The effects of heart rate on differing durations of exercise were studied in this experiment. For people, heart rate tends to increase as they perform physical exercises. The amount of beats per minute gradually increases as people perform physical activities. Heart rates taken before exercise are relatively low, and heart rates taken one minute after exercise increase significantly. Heart rates slowly begin to decrease after they are taken two minutes and three minutes after performing the step test, which is to be expected. The rates of intensity throughout exercise relates with changes in heart rate throughout the step test performed in the experiment (Karvonen 2012). The age of the participants affected the experiment, since the heart rate during physical exercise, in this case the step test, is affected by age (Tulppo 1998).