Systematic Review Of Health Article

The e-cigarette format, however, does not eliminate concerns regarding public and individual health risks. The World Health Organization has called for e-cigarette usage to be monitored in the same way as more conventional tobacco products,(23) the US FDA is advocating for more research,(24) and there has been a dramatic increase in analyses of the chemical, physiological, psychological and socio-cultural aspects of e-cigarettes.(2-7,9-12,14-21,24-52)

Over the last few decades, tobacco and nicotine prevention efforts have risen to an all time high. Prevention efforts focus on education to the public of the negative effects on one’s health when using tobacco and nicotine products, as well as with pleas to healthcare policymakers to increase restrictions on product manufacturing and sales. One policy effort growing in popularity in the United States is called Tobacco 21, which proposes to raise the legal age of purchase for consumers of tobacco and nicotine products to 21 years of age (Farber, Pakhale, & Neptune, 2016). Farber, Pakhale, and Neptune (2016) state that 90% of tobacco and nicotine users begin smoking before the age of 18, with 99% of users starting before the age of 26. Lower smoking cessation rates are associated with earlier ages of initiation and the tobacco industry is known to target youth in advertisement of these products lending to the early age of initiation. The tobacco industry themselves admit that increasing the age allowed for purchase to exclude youth would substantially effect their sales. Tobacco 21 laws also deter adolescents from gaining tobacco or nicotine products from friends 18 to 21 years of age, which is the most likely age group to supply younger teens. With this knowledge, placing tighter restrictions on consumers younger than 21 years of age, using the Tobacco 21 policy, may deter tobacco and nicotine initiation in hopes to prevent individual use at all in the future (Farber

Teens are smoking e-cigs and something needs to be done. One “pod” promises the amount of nicotine equal to an entire pack of conventional cigarettes. E-cigs are easy to hide and come in a variety of flavors. The Food and Drug Administration decided to hold off on implementing an already finalized rule that would regulate e-cigarettes. Postponing a regulation on e-cigs is a mistake.

Although they might be slightly more effective than nicotine patches and other aids in helping people quit smoking, electronic cigarettes still stand as a gateway to nicotine addiction. A recent study from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) suggests more children and teens from middle school to high school are trying these new devices. About 1.8 million children admitted puffing on an e-cigarette with 160,000 of them doing so with never having tried an ordinary cigarette before. These implications mean electronic cigarettes have been getting a lot of attention lately from the community. The CDC indicates this trend as a serious concern.

Even when kids don’t remember the abuse, they sometimes subconsciously will develop negative behaviors. A. Danese and M. Tan, in their journal article “Childhood Maltreatment and Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”( 2014), explain that child maltreatment and obesity are often related. Danese and Tan use factual evidence and a meta- analysis of 41 studies conducted to support that “Improving the psychosocial environment children live in might contribute to the primordial prevention of obesity and its consequence”( Danese and Tan 552). The authors’ purpose is to educate readers on the effects child abuse has on an individual's health in order to lower the obesity rates by helping children who are being mistreated. By keeping their article extremely formal and

This study really opened my eyes to a new prospective on vaping and the use of e-cigarettes. The use of vapes should be taken cautiously and not displayed for our youth to see so vaguely. Though, it has shown me that vaping and e-cigs have a positive effect on helping traditional cigarette smokers stop smoking. These studies will take us much further into the pros and cons of regulating vapes and

For as long as e-cigarettes have been around the market of cigarettes alike, the controversy of whether or not e-cigs should be regulated from advertisement has been alive almost as much as the light of electric cigarettes themselves. To add on to this debate myself, e-cigarettes are bad for the public and should therefore not be advertised on television, radio, or other forms of media devices. These advertisements can influence minors to try e-cigs, influence use of nicotine, and defies the purpose of regulations on cigarettes in general. E-cigarettes are bad for the health of an average human being, and with the advertisement of e-cigs, it influences the people to inject themselves with the many poisonous, harming chemicals in e-cigarettes

As FDA analysis indicated, e-cigarettes contain the same toxic substances and carcinogens found in traditional cigarettes, which contradicts the statement made by e-cigarette advocates that e-cigarettes are safer. Recently, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that about 47.1 percent of the cigarette and e-cigarette exposure-calls to poison control centers are now due to e-cigarettes (Kucinich, 2014). Therefore, I do not think it is reasonable to promote e-cigarettes to the public as safer alternatives to traditional tobacco cigarettes, let alone smoking cessation aids. Additionally, health experts have repeatedly mentioned that e-cigarettes maybe potential gateway drugs for many individuals, particularly the young. Pepper and colleagues (2013) reported that nearly 1 in 5 adolescent males in their study were willing to try e-cigarettes if offered to them; and being a smoker increased the willingness to try e-cigarettes. As teens are highly inclined to try e-cigarettes, extensive public promotion of e-cigarettes may mislead them into thinking that e-cigarettes are safe to use. The false claim may even spark teenagers’ curiosity and motivate them to try e-cigarettes and other tobacco products haphazardly. It is highly likely that the effort to promote smoke cessation through e-cigarettes could create an entirely new problem: e-cigarette abuse in teens. Overall, I take the stand against e-cigarettes. I

It is undeniable that the popularity and usage of electronic cigarettes or personal vaporizer devices have been on the rise since they first gained the public’s attention in the early twenty first century. In fact, one study by UBS Securities LLC shows that the value of the e-cigarette market has doubled or more each year since 2007 and was expected to double from two hundred and fifty million dollars in 2011 to five hundred million in 2012(7). Some of the growing concerns is that, like the tobacco market when it first started growing in popularity, there has been little research conducted on the long term effects of electronic cigarettes. Other causes for concern stem from the marketing and sale of these devices to teenagers. This is why the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) needs to impose restrictions and regulations on the use and sale of these devices and conduct further research on the health related effects and long term effects of their usage.

middle (grades 6-8) and high school (grades 9-12) students, CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2011-2014 National Youth Tobacco Surveys (NYTS). In 2014, e-cigarettes were the most commonly used tobacco product among middle (3.9%) and high (13.4%) school students. Between 2011 and 2014, statistically significant increases were observed among these students for current use of both e-cigarettes and hookahs (p<0.05), while decreases were observed for current use of more traditional products, such as cigarettes and cigars, resulting in no change in overall tobacco use. Consequently, 4.6 million middle and high school students continue to be exposed to harmful tobacco product constituents, including nicotine.” (Arrazola

According to the systematic review covered by Apfel, Turan, Souza, Pergolizzi & Hornuss, 2013 there is a significant reduction in postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid use when using intravenous acetaminophen. The reviewers used Medline and Cochrane databases to conduct their search along with a hand search of abstracts to identify randomized-controlled trials using intravenous acetaminophen. The review was to determine if the acetaminophen was going to have a significant decline in nausea and vomiting following surgical procedures as

In our communities, the youth can easily identified any of tobacco’s product. The author, Steven Reinberg, published , Tobacco Companies Targeting Teens, Study Says, states that the tobacco product, Marlboro, is highly purchased by high school students according to usnews.com. Mr. McGoldrick states that the three brands, 90 percent is being marketed. Most companies hold their ground saying that their tobacco products are not meant to bought by youth, but somehow still managed to in our children’s hands, in his article, Tobacco Companies Targeting Teens, Study Says (steven Reinberg). According to Erin Brodwin, author of “Tobacco Companies Still Target Youth despite A Globally Treaty”, states that children all over the world can identify the tobacco brands. Not only are children picking up their ideas from television, but also from public. Children knowing which brands shows how serious the addiction can be. Seeing how easily the product being shown to the youth is another way of starting. If less smokers are seen in public, the lower the numbers will

Since then, the popularity of these devices has exponentially increased (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015) as their ability to deliver nicotine in the form of heated vapour rapidly gained them the debatable reputation of being safer than conventional cigarettes (Sanford & Goebel, 2014). Indeed, even if some of the motives for vaping include the possibility of cutting costs and the opportunity of identification that the practice offers (Ayers et al., 2011), the primary reason to start vaping seems to be functional and related to the search for a healthier lifestyle (Blue et al., 2016; Pearson et al., 2012). For this reason, the majority of “those who practice, deliberate, create and introduce vaping behaviours” (Yule & Tinson, 2016, p.1) seems to be either smokers trying to quit or former smokers (Grana & Ling, 2014). Moreover, the use of e-cigarettes seems to be indicated by demographic factors such as age, ethnicity and social class (Pearson et al., 2012). Adolescents are main users (Yule & Tinson, 2016), and, in the United States, white educated male smokers and white female smokers of lower socioeconomic status may have more chances to start using vaping devices (Regan et al.,

An estimated 36.5 million or 15.1 % of adults aged 18 years old and older currently smoke cigarettes and more than 16,000,000 have smoking or live with diseases that are related to smoking. According to US department of health and human services, over the past five decades, there is a significant decline in cigarette smoking in the U.S. The progress has slowed in recent years and the prevalence of use of other tobacco products such as vapes, e-cigars and smokeless tobacco

The authors point out how anti-smoking advertisements do not send a clear message to the students to understand how smoking can impact their health. It seems that the advertisements trick people by sending the wrong message, such as demonstrating that smoking is not as bad as it seems that the more the students see those advertisements, the more propense for the students to smoke. The source is relevant to my hypothesis because it demonstrates that teenagers are unaware of the health consequences that they can get. The author’s goal is for teenagers to understand anti-smoking messages are not explicit and are not demonstrating a clear understanding of the risks that smoking cause. The authors conclude that new advertisements need to be more carefully evaluated for teenagers to recognize that their intentions reflect undesirable outcome in the antismoking advertainments for teenagers to understand smoking and the inevitable result that can be provoked due to smoking.