Systematic Review Paper

African Americans carry an uneven share of the cancer load in the United States, having the highest death rate and shortest survival of any racial or ethnic group for most cancers. In this article, I will provide updated data for African Americans on cancer rate, death, survival, and cancer screening. I also estimate the total number of deaths prevented among African Americans as a result of the decline in cancer death rates since the early 1990s.

The purpose of this meta-synthesis research was to synthesize a qualitative study performed to better understand the underlying reasons why only a fraction of cancer patients participate in cancer research trials. The attempt is to explore factors that influence participation in this type of study. Literature in the subject indicates poorly understood process of how patients are enrolled into clinical trials. This systematic review tries to improve the patient decision-making process in participating in cancer clinical trial and to provide Oncology nurses to treat patients with solid background utilizing evidence based practice (Biedrzycki, 2010).

“The colon cancer vs. Crohn’s disease debate is generating a lot of interest in the medical community. Every year in the U.S., approximately 57,000 people die from colorectal cancer and 147,000 new cases are diagnosed”states Dr. Victor Marchione. Crohn's disease is a new disease that was introduced into today's society in 2015. 1.4 million Americans have Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. Of those, about 700,000 have Crohn’s has been diagnosed in the years between 1992 and 2004 just from a doctor's visit. People have came up with different ways that we can help and prevent the disease such as Surgery, Conferences and “ KEY TO PROCESS “.

2. Herzog, T. J., Armstrong, D. K., Brady, M. F., Coleman, R. L., Einstein, M. H., Monk, B. J., . . . Alvarez, R. D. (2014). Ovarian cancer clinical trial endpoints: Society of Gynecologic Oncology white paper. Gynecologic Oncology,132(1), 8-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.11.008

Zhu conducted a study to compare the survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer and were treated with a systemic drug, which was oxaliplatin, and those who were treated with CRS-HIPEC. The study showed that those patients who received systemic chemotherapy had an average survival of 24 months, while those who received CRS-HIPEC had a survival of 63 months.16 Randomised studies and other cohort studies have provided encouraging information on the overall survival in patients who have undergone CRS-HIPEC treatment with or without early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC), as compared to those who obtained systemic

One of the many goals developed by the United States Government in its Healthy People 2020 campaign was to “reduce the number of new cancer cases, as well as the illness, disability, and death caused by cancer” (Healthy People 2020, 2016). This goal is further broken down by cancer types. The goals for colorectal cancer (CRC) is to reduce the 2007 baseline mortality rate of 17.1 deaths per 100,000 to 14.5 deaths per 100,000 and to increase the proportion of adults to receive colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) based on the most recent guidelines by the year 2020. The American Cancer Society (ACS,

In the United States (U.S.), colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second major cause of cancer associated deaths. During 2008-2012, per year incidence and mortality counts due to CRC were 42.4 and 15.5 per 100,000 men and women [2]. However, during 2008-2012 the incidence rate of CRC in AA population was 101.2 (16.89% higher) as compared to 84.1 of CA per 100,000 men and women. Moreover, the number of AA deaths associated with CRC was 47.5 (54.72% higher) in comparison with 30.7 CA deaths per 100,000 men and women [2]. CRC patients of AA

The American Cancer Society estimates that over 100,000 men and women living in the United States will be diagnosed with colon cancer in 2013. Statistically, cancers of the colon and rectum are often combined and referred to as colorectal cancer. This addition brings the total to over 140,000 affected individuals with over 50,000 of these diagnoses resulting in death (American cancer society, 2013). Globally, the impact of this disease reached over one million people in 2008 with over 600,000 deaths attributed to colorectal cancer (Dusek, Maluskova, & Musik, 2013).

Colorectal cancer affects colon and rectum. Also it occurs in the large intestine. When the cancer is in the last six inches of the rectum, it is known as a rectal cancer. Additionally, colon is in the lower part of the digestive system that processes food and rides the body of waste. Simultaneously, these are referred to as colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common disease in our society that kills men and women. It is ranked the third most common cause of death among the African American men and women in the United States of America. In addition, colorectal cancer is caused by ulcerative colitis, certain types of diets such as diets that are high in red meat, obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse, and poor exercise. Also, colorectal

Various miRNAs are reported to play roles in lung and other cancer. Based on previous studies, let-7, miR-15, miR-26, miR-29, miR-30, miR-126 and miR-142, have been reported to have abnormal expression in lung cancer cells compared with normal cells [18]. In this report, we first time provides evidence that miR-365 exerts anti-cancer

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which arises in cells that lines breast duct. Many imaging techniques are used for the screening and diagnosis, but typically patients are diagnosed at advanced stage only, and the prognosis is associated with early detection. At present serum and protein biomarkers improving early detection of breast cancer, these make better treatment options with a better response. MicroRNAs and CA 15-3 most widely used serum biomarker in breast cancer. Amplification of chromosomal regions encoding oncogenic miRNAs is consequently silencing or inhibits tumor suppressor genes. The standard treatment options for breast

Rectal cancer has long been recognized as one of the common malignancy in developed and developing countries. It is one of the major causes of cancer related mortality in the world1. Early detection, early diagnosis and timely treatment results improvement in the survival rate among rectal cancer.

One of the most common malignancies is colon cancer as it accounts for approximately 1.5 million new cases globally each year (Ferlay et al. 2015). According to the latest research, the frequency of colon cancer has increased suddenly over the past two decades (Shin et al. 2012). According to statistics, colon cancer accounts for about 15% of bodily cancers and is the main reason for mortality in different countries especially the western countries (Johnston 2005). The third most common cancer in the Canada and US is colon cancer. In the United States about 1.5 million new cases of colon cancer were reported each year (Jemal et al. 2008). The chances and a number of years of survival in colon cancer depend on the stage of the tumor.

National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month is used to bring awareness to one of many cancers that affects 1 in every 100 person, health wise. Although colorectal cancer can be preventable, it is among the list of cancers that affect both men and women. As one of the second leading causes of cancer deaths in the United States, colorectal cancer affects approximately 140,000 Americans who are diagnosed each year, leaving more than 50,000 people die from it. According to the Prevent Cancer Foundation, the list below are ways to prevent this cancer:

Chronic diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States and around the world. Although preventable, chronic diseases can last anywhere from 3 months to a life time. Cancer is a chronic disease that is termed epidemic because the number of cases has increased highly over the years. Colorectal cancer, also known as colon cancer is one of the many cancers and it accounts for over 9% of all cancer incidents. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S. (Center for Disease Control, 2016). This paper will discuss colorectal cancer and its symptoms and causes. It will also touch upon the morbidity and mortality rate, treatment, prevention strategies and future improvements for the treatment and prevention of this chronic disease.