Systolic Blood Pressure Essay

Effect of Exercise on Arterial Pressure and Vascular Resistance Abbie DeBerg Ms. Brantley May 30, 2012

During this laboratory three submaximal test were done. YMCA Submaximal Bike Test, Astrand Submaximal Bike Test, and The RockPort 1-Mile Walk Test. Each of these test required taking Blood Pressure,Heart Rate, and times, either at rest or while exercising. Everyone is a different when it comes to Blood Pressure and Heart Rate. They both depend on how conditioned the person is. The hypothesis is determining which test produced the highest Heart Rate and at what times. Since resistance makes a person work harder, we assume that test will be the YMCA Submaximal Bike Test.

The range of normal resting diastolic BP for these patients was 75-85 mmHg. Did diastolic BP increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?

Exercise increases heart rate by a process of sympathetic autonomic stimulation. Sympathetic (adrenergic) nerves increase the excitability of the sino-atrial node and reduce the P-R interval .As exercise continues, the physiological changes in the body are continuously monitored by a number of physiological systems and the balance of activity of the sympathetic system (speeding up) and the parasympathetic system (slowing down) is constantly adjusted. When exercise is over, the heart rate does not drop immediately as the body has to undergo a period of re adaption to return to the resting state.

The effect of exercise/physical activity on pulse, blood pressure, and respiration rate was tested on biology students. The results of the experiment showed that each of these parameters is affected after engaging in 2 minutes of physical activity. We found that average pulse, mean arterial pressure, and respiratory rate were all higher in males than in females. But, it was also found that women have a longer time to recovery for all these parameters. The reasons for higher pulse, MAP and blood pressure, and respiratory rate could be

Figure 1 shows that the systolic and diastolic pressure while the subject was sitting down, 119/64, is lower than that of the other body positions and exercise. Standing showed the second lowest systolic and diastolic pressure, 121/83. Lying down showed a slightly higher blood pressure of 123/84. The highest blood pressure, 133/94, was measured when the subject had just completed some physical activity. Figure 2 and 3 display, respectively, the difference between heart contractions at rest and after exercise, as illustrated by the greater number of contractions following exercise in the same amount of time compared to resting conditions. In addition to displaying the interval lengths for three sequential beats from Figures 2 and 3, Table 1 also includes the heart rate for before and post exercise, 102 bpm and 132 bpm, respectively. Figure 4 shows similar

The purpose of this experiment was to test the correlation of heart recovery rates post-exercise in both athletes and non-athletes and determine which group had the faster recovery rate. This was accomplished by selecting six non-athletes and six athletes to run one lap around the Fresno Pacific track for two days. Each participant’s resting heart rate was taken before running the lap and instantly after running the lap as well. Upon completion of the lap their heart rate was measured in thirty second intervals and it was noted how long it took to get back down to each initial resting heart rate again. Due to the athletes training it was hypothesized that they would have the faster recovery rate because they’d be more conditioned

Convenience sampling was used to recruit patients with reported uncontrolled BP from a Veterans Affairs Medical Center clinic located in Brooklyn and Manhattan (July 2006 to March 2009).

Individuals who suffer from heart conditions, particularly adult and aged athletes are those who have had previously suffered from high blood pressure, experienced a heart attack or any other heart problems. Prescribed exercises for individuals within this group demonstrates low risk during participation and considerable health benefits. Health benefits through exercise reduces blood pressure levels, however in order to gain full benefits exercise must be linked with a balanced diet (low fat and low salt intake)

This report focus on the cardiovascular system to obtain measurement, understand and compare the differences of blood pressure, heart rate, pulse pressure, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure under normal conditions and when exercising.

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

I predict that during exercise the heart and respiratory rate (RR) will increase depending on the intensity of exercise and the resting rates will be restored soon after exercise has stopped. I believe that the changes are caused by the increased need for oxygen and energy in muscles as they have to contract faster during exercise. When the exercise is finished the heart and ventilation rates will gradually decrease back to the resting rates as the muscles’ need for oxygen and energy will be smaller than during exercise.

Heart rate is expected to increase during exercise. The reason for this is that the muscles in the body are demanding more blood and, essentially, the heart must work harder in order to provide for the muscles’ needs. Athletes, who are more adapted to exercising environments have a lower maximum heart rate than individuals who do not exercise as frequently. In a study done between two groups of individuals – one containing only athletes and the other containing individuals who had performed any type of exercise in the previous 6 months – results showed that athletes had a lower heart rate when they performed exercise than non-athletes (Martinelli 2005). The reason that athletes have a lower maximum heart rate is because the heart can pump blood to the rest of the body more efficiently – in larger amounts – than it would in a non-athlete.

The literature on the effects of exercise of cardiac output maintains the idea that exercise should affect cardiac output- pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, QRS-pulse lag, P-T and T-P intervals, because of increased heart rate. For our experiment, we tested this theory by measuring our cardiac output before and after some rigorous exercise. We measured the individual cardiac output and then combined the data to compose a class-wide data average. We compared the results of the experiment to what we expected, which was that exercise does affect our heart. Our data from this experiment supported the notion that exercise does, in fact, change cardiac output.

The heart was more likely to have quicker recovery time when the cardiovascular tissue was better equipped to deal with the strain of the exercise and better conditioned. The weakness with this study is there are too many variables that have been put into play with this experiment. Between the type of exercise, the intervals in which the exercises were to be done, the duration of the experiment. The amount of people within the experiment, as well as their age and family history could have played a large role in this experiment. These variables, as well as other variables that develop more questions could quite possibly be condensed and more isolated in future