Systolic Blood Pressure Essay

Effect of Exercise on Arterial Pressure and Vascular Resistance Abbie DeBerg Ms. Brantley May 30, 2012

Individuals who suffer from heart conditions, particularly adult and aged athletes are those who have had previously suffered from high blood pressure, experienced a heart attack or any other heart problems. Prescribed exercises for individuals within this group demonstrates low risk during participation and considerable health benefits. Health benefits through exercise reduces blood pressure levels, however in order to gain full benefits exercise must be linked with a balanced diet (low fat and low salt intake)

My systolic blood pressure number was 136 and my diastolic blood pressure number was 87. I measured my mom’s blood pressure and her systolic number was 125 and her diastolic number was 85. When ones heart beats in contracts and forces blood through their arteries throughout the whole body. The force required to do this induces pressure on the arteries also known as systolic blood pressure. For ones systolic blood pressure level to be considered optimal it would have to less than 120, to be normal it would have to be less than 130 and to be considered in the high normal range the number would have to fall between 130-139. If ones systolic blood pressure level falls between 140-159 they are in hypertension stage 1, if it falls between 160-179

Once the oxygen from the air enters the blood stream, it is transferred from the blood to the tissues. The individual’s heart rate is constantly increasing at peak work rate which indicates that the heart is working hard in order to get the necessary amount of blood and oxygen to the tissues. For this to occur, an increased stroke volume and cardiac output is crucial to pump more blood to the heart and tissues for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system at higher work intensities. Exercising causes the size of the heart to increase, mainly the ventricular chambers. Overtime, the walls of the ventricles become stronger and thicker allowing more oxygenated blood to be pumped into the heart leading to more powerful contractions meaning more blood is also contracted per pump. This allows the ventricle to fill up more completely as well as release more of the blood leading to a higher stroke volume. The exercise-induced increase in cardiac output required a larger heart rate increase (Groepenhoff 2010). Although these results remained consistent with the hypothesis, the data was, yet again, not found to be significant. It is possible that the people who exercise regularly were not motivated to put in the effort in order to test their limits or reach higher intensities meaning that they did not push themselves as hard as they could have making their results similar to those who are

Figure 1 shows that the systolic and diastolic pressure while the subject was sitting down, 119/64, is lower than that of the other body positions and exercise. Standing showed the second lowest systolic and diastolic pressure, 121/83. Lying down showed a slightly higher blood pressure of 123/84. The highest blood pressure, 133/94, was measured when the subject had just completed some physical activity. Figure 2 and 3 display, respectively, the difference between heart contractions at rest and after exercise, as illustrated by the greater number of contractions following exercise in the same amount of time compared to resting conditions. In addition to displaying the interval lengths for three sequential beats from Figures 2 and 3, Table 1 also includes the heart rate for before and post exercise, 102 bpm and 132 bpm, respectively. Figure 4 shows similar

Convenience sampling was used to recruit patients with reported uncontrolled BP from a Veterans Affairs Medical Center clinic located in Brooklyn and Manhattan (July 2006 to March 2009).

Excercising involves alot of body movment which increases our metabolic rate and cardiac out put leading to increase in DP, SP, HR, PP and MAP.

Heart rate is expected to increase during exercise. The reason for this is that the muscles in the body are demanding more blood and, essentially, the heart must work harder in order to provide for the muscles’ needs. Athletes, who are more adapted to exercising environments have a lower maximum heart rate than individuals who do not exercise as frequently. In a study done between two groups of individuals – one containing only athletes and the other containing individuals who had performed any type of exercise in the previous 6 months – results showed that athletes had a lower heart rate when they performed exercise than non-athletes (Martinelli 2005). The reason that athletes have a lower maximum heart rate is because the heart can pump blood to the rest of the body more efficiently – in larger amounts – than it would in a non-athlete.

Average male data regarding systolic blood pressure indicated that as power output increased, systolic BP increased in a relatively linear fashion. Regarding 4th stage diastolic blood pressure, as power output increased, 4th stage diastolic BP stayed fairly stable and then had a spiked increase around the final/highest power output completed. Regarding 5th stage diastolic blood pressure, as the power output increased, these values also stayed fairly stable with a little increased around the final/highest power output completed. Pulse pressure also had a linear increase in response to an increased power output due to the increase in systolic blood pressure. Finally, heart rate increased linearly with increasing power output until individuals approached maximum in which case it began to plateau.

The effect of exercise/physical activity on pulse, blood pressure, and respiration rate was tested on biology students. The results of the experiment showed that each of these parameters is affected after engaging in 2 minutes of physical activity. We found that average pulse, mean arterial pressure, and respiratory rate were all higher in males than in females. But, it was also found that women have a longer time to recovery for all these parameters. The reasons for higher pulse, MAP and blood pressure, and respiratory rate could be

Participants were selected randomly. The sample size was 46 male and 39 females. All of them underwent cardiac surgeries and was having hypertension as their co-morbid. The physiotherapists working in cardiac rehabilitation unit noted blood pressures and heart rates before and after exercise daily till the last session. Type of exercise, time duration of each session and work load chosen for all patients were same and that is:

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

I predict that during exercise the heart and respiratory rate (RR) will increase depending on the intensity of exercise and the resting rates will be restored soon after exercise has stopped. I believe that the changes are caused by the increased need for oxygen and energy in muscles as they have to contract faster during exercise. When the exercise is finished the heart and ventilation rates will gradually decrease back to the resting rates as the muscles’ need for oxygen and energy will be smaller than during exercise.

GABA plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure. Various studies have described that GABA can reduce high blood pressure in animals and humans. Table 2.2 depicts some of the examples that have revealed the hypotensive role of GABA. The blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive humans and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) decreases due to intake of GABA-rich food, as reported by Hayakawa et al., (2004) and Kajimoto et al., (2004), respectively. Direct injection of GABA (50–200 μg) reduced arterial pressure and heart rate in Wistar rats (Sasaki et al., 1996). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) in SHR was effectively reduced after 8 weeks of oral administration of GABA and peptide-enriched

Hypertension is defined a consistent elevation of the systolic blood pressure above 140mmHg, a diastolic pressure above 90mmHg or a report of taking antihypertensive medication. Early diagnosis and effective management of hypertension is essential because it is a major modifiable risk factor to cerebrovascular, cardiac, vascular, and renal diseases. The higher the blood pressure, the greater the risk for heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease.