DISCUSSION Heart failure, also known as cardiac failure is a terminal stage of heart disease. The mortality rate in patient with heart failure has progressively increasing year by year (5). In Malaysia, the major cause of admission to hospital is mainly due to heart failure with prevalence of 6-10% of total hospital admission (6). Readmission of patient with decompensated heart failure within 30 days is about 25%. Thus, it is crucial to determine and treat the underlying causes and early prevention
Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a pathological condition that impairs the ability of the heart to keep up with the metabolic demands of the body, resulting in multi-organ abnormalities and eventually death1, 2. This can result from conditions that reduce the ability of heart to pump blood which include decreased contractility of myocardium secondary to reduced coronary perfusion, structural causes like damaged heart valves, cardiac muscle or pericardial diseases etc.3 The understanding of the
cigarettes daily for 40 years. Physical examination revealed a loud fourth heart sound and a blood pressure of 147/95 mmHg. Chest examination and chest X-ray were unremarkable, and ECG showed left atrial abnormality. The patient had normal serum electrolytes, blood sugar, and kidney function tests. A stress echocardiogram was ordered to exclude potential coronary artery disease (CAD). His resting echocardiography showed an ejection fraction (EF) of 60%, normal septal and posterior wall thickness, and mild
time-consuming moderate-intensity training and sprint-interval training requiring all-out efforts, is emerging as a potential time efficient strategy for health promotion. Current recommended guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week is reduced by half to 75 minutes if the week’s activity is done at a vigorous intensity (ACSM, 2014). HIIT, when compared to Traditional Exercise