TBI Case Study

Traumatic brain injury occurs when a person is hit in the head with a blunt force. This significant force to the head can happen playing recreational sports, on the playground, being in a car or motorcycle accident, falling down at home and your head impacting something, a blast or explosion. Traumatic brain injuries are also the leading cause of fatality rate and disability, especially in children, young adults and elderly. TBI is a devastating condition that affects millions of people nationwide, because it can affect the nervous system permanently, it also messes with the neurological, musculoskeletal, cognitive and much more. TBI force a family to deal with not just the physical disability, with the behavioral and emotional roller

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a type of injury that is a critical public health and socio-economic problem. TBI is a leading cause of death and disability in both children and adults [5]. The Centers for Disease Control and

Unfortunately, TBI and inmates is not a well-established area of study. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007), mild TBI is found within 25% to 87% of inmates. One such that looked at prevalence was done by Diamond, Harzke, Magaletta, Cummins, and Frankowski (2007) where the researchers looked at Minnesota male state prisoners and assessed them using the Traumatic Brain Injury Questionnaire. What the authors found

The Glasgow coma scale is the scoring system that monitors and assesses the level of consciousness of a patient that has had a traumatic injury e.g. brain injury, car accident or sports injury (Braine & cook, 2016). The Glasgow coma scale is a score between 3-15 with 3 being the worst and 15 being the best. This scale is composed of 3 sections which are the best eye response this assessment is important to assess the arousal of the patient which reflexes the integrity of reticular activating system of the brain which assesses by 1. No eye opening 2. Opens to pain 3. Opens to voice 4. Opens spontaneously, the best verbal response this assessment reflects the integrity of higher cognitive and interpretive centres of the brain. The verbal response depends on the language centre in the temporal lobe and in the frontal lobe which assess 1. No verbal response 2. Incomprehensive sounds 3. Inappropriate words 4. Confused 5. Orientated and best motor response this assessment check the function ability of the cerebral cortex, the patient has to understand the commands and perform the movement accordingly, they assess the upper extremities by simple orders because they are more reliable than the lower extremities this is assessed by 1. No motor response 2. Extension to pain 3. Flexion to pain 4. Withdrawals from pain 5. Localising pain 6. Obeys commands, these are the three sections that nurses needs to access (Elliot, Aitken & Chaboyer,

Traumatic brain injury is any damage caused to the brain. Individuals with TBI may show aphasia-like symptoms, yet the characteristics of TBI include mostly cognitive processes deficits. Those characteristics include disrupt orientation, attention, memory, visual processing, and executive functions problems. Penitents with TBI experience a blackout that can last anywhere between a few minutes up to months and usually wake up confused and disoriented. They do not have any recollection of the events that occurred. In addition to the common characteristics mentioned earlier, TBI patients exhibit communication deficits that relate to poor cognitive functioning such as problems with word finding, grammatical, spelling, reading, and writing. The cause of TBI is very straightforward, unlike SLI or ASD. Any injury to the head, for example motor vehicle accidents, falls, blast trauma, and more, can cause a TBI. These in turn can cause damage to multiple areas of the brain and impair motor, speech, language, and cognitive functions as discussed. It is important to note that unlike ASD that usually

A traumatic brain injury (“TBI”) occurs when the brain is somehow injured, rattled, or wounded from an external source of force. The means of acquisition and the severity of TBIs are unique to each patient; therefore, symptoms and rehabilitation can vary greatly depending on the patient’s condition following the incident and how they sustained the injury. The severity of a TBI is generally classified into one of three categories: mild, moderate, or severe, and this type of diagnostic criteria influences how a patient with TBI is treated by medical staff and rehabilitation specialists. TBIs can affect a specific part of the brain that was directly impacted, leaving the patients with only one or a few areas of impairment, or the damage can

()They struggle with getting jobs, talking to friends and family and in extreme cases commit suicide. Studies have also shown that those diagnosed with the most symptoms tend to seek the least amount of help. The lack of treatment can lead to an increase in the severity of their mental illness. TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) is similar to PTSD but occurs specifically from physical trauma to the brain. Car accidents, extreme sports injuries and concussions are the most common causes of this injury but combat veterans primarily get it from improvised explosive devices while deployed. TBI is different from PTSD because it affects the cognitive abilities of the brain as opposed to the psychological. This is especially hard for returning veterans because remembering specific memories and education become extremely hard to retain information. 25,111 service men were diagnosed with TBI in 2014 featuring symptoms such as amnesia, uncontrollable laughing or crying, severe mood changes, difficulty retaining information and making new

Head (Brain) injury is known as a major public health problem that is a frequent cause of death and disability in young people, Among the many challenges that survivors of traumatic brain injury must face, behavior problems rank among the most difficult. Traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a type of brain injury that occurs when trauma causes damage to the brain. It can cause when a person 's head suddenly or violently hits an object, or an object hits the person, and damages the brain tissue. A person with a TBI may remain conscious or he/she might be unconscious for a few minutes. Some symptoms of TBI include headache, confusion, lightheadedness, dizziness, blurred vision or tired eyes, ringing in the ears, bad taste in the mouth, fatigue or lethargy, a change in sleep patterns, behavioral or mood changes, and trouble with memory, concentration, attention, or thinking. These symptoms might be experienced by any person with mild, moderate to severe TBI (Real Warriors).

What the TBI victim goes through is horrific. Traumatic brain injury can cause a wide range of functional issues, short-term or long-term. It can affect thinking, sensation, language, or emotions (CDC). The long term damage of TBI’s can result in permanent damage that can change the person’s deficits to varying degrees, especially long

Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) is considered a neurological disorder, which produce long-term concussive effects. PCS is a form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can be the result of one or multiple concussions (McKee et al. 2009). A concussion is characterized as a mild TBI (mTBI) (Stern et al. 2013). The term “mild” refers to the severity of the original physical trauma, and does not indicate the severity of symptoms following the injury. The American Academy of Neurology (1997) defines concussion as any alteration of mental status due to a biomechanical force affecting the brain with or without loss of consciousness. If concussive symptoms persist longer than 3 months, a patient is diagnosed with PCS (Gavett et al. 2011a;

Initially the person affected should be removed from any strenuous work and told to rest. Sleep is the best remedy at this stage, as well as keeping their mind as relaxed as possible so things such as video games and T.V should be avoided to help your brain naturally try to reset itself. In the Army we take a test prior to brain injuries to create a baseline that can be reviewed after incidents involving TBI's to see if there was any long term change. Acute treatment consist of drugs to keep the person in a drug induced coma to prevent secondary injuries and help their bodies try to heal from the trauma, and this can also include devices to ventilate the patient if they can no longer breath on their own. Surgical means are typically for open head injuries but can also be implemented if there is pressure building up in the cranium. In the military given the prevalence of IED's in the battle field the army got together to make the MACE exam for quick assessment of those exposed to explosions or

A mild TBI is “Defined as the result of the forceful motion of the head or impact causing a brief change in mental status (confusion, disorientation or loss of memory) or loss of consciousness for less than 30 minutes” (Lenrow, M.D., 2006). I’ve

A traumatic brain injury, often referred to as TBI, occurs when an acute, intense amount of force from outside the cranium causes a traumatic injury to the brain. Traumatic brain injuries pose potentially unlimited post-trauma hurdles and impediments to both the patient and their family. One of the more difficult potential impediments to be faced in the wake of a traumatic brain injury is the development of a new psychiatric disorder. In fact, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders is three times more likely in patients who have suffered a traumatic brain injury than those who have not (Garcia, 2001, Para 2). There have been numerous studies into the correlation between traumatic brain injuries and the development of new psychiatric disorders; however, the link between the two is still

Type of injury. Stefen et al (2015) identified skull fracture with orbital frontal injury was predicted as the risk factor of developing agitation following TBI. Consistent to the finding in a clinical correlates among agitated and non-agitated patient , agitation was found to be higher in patient with frontal lesion (p=0.008) (Jorge, & Robinson,

The disabilities that result from moderate to severe TBI differ depending on the area of injury, but they may include difficulties in speech, coordination, bilateral function, memory, complex thinking, and other areas (Murrey, 2006). Emotional and social areas are also affected by TBI due to changes in familial roles, lowered self-esteem, and hopelessness brought on by the injury (Murrey, 2006). Because of this, suicide rates in these patients are remarkably high, with 33% of patients at risk (León-Carriòn et al., 2005). Recovery in TBI patients may occur spontaneously throughout the two years following the trauma (León-Carrión et al., 2005). Beyond this point, remaining disabilities are usually permanent (León-Carrión et al., 2005).