TBI In The Ancient World

Traumatic brain injury occurs when a person is hit in the head with a blunt force. This significant force to the head can happen playing recreational sports, on the playground, being in a car or motorcycle accident, falling down at home and your head impacting something, a blast or explosion. Traumatic brain injuries are also the leading cause of fatality rate and disability, especially in children, young adults and elderly. TBI is a devastating condition that affects millions of people nationwide, because it can affect the nervous system permanently, it also messes with the neurological, musculoskeletal, cognitive and much more. TBI force a family to deal with not just the physical disability, with the behavioral and emotional roller

A traumatic brain injury (“TBI”) occurs when the brain is somehow injured, rattled, or wounded from an external source of force. The means of acquisition and the severity of TBIs are unique to each patient; therefore, symptoms and rehabilitation can vary greatly depending on the patient’s condition following the incident and how they sustained the injury. The severity of a TBI is generally classified into one of three categories: mild, moderate, or severe, and this type of diagnostic criteria influences how a patient with TBI is treated by medical staff and rehabilitation specialists. TBIs can affect a specific part of the brain that was directly impacted, leaving the patients with only one or a few areas of impairment, or the damage can

A traumatic brain injury (“TBI”) occurs when the brain is somehow injured, rattled, or wounded from an external source of force. The means of acquisition and the severity of TBIs are unique to each patient; therefore, symptoms and rehabilitation can vary greatly depending on the patient’s condition following the incident and how they sustained the injury. The severity of a TBI is generally classified into one of three categories: mild, moderate, or severe, and this type of diagnostic criteria influences how a patient with TBI is treated by medical staff and rehabilitation specialists. TBIs can affect a specific part of the brain that was directly impacted, leaving the patients with only one or a few areas of impairment, or the damage can

Considering no two brain injuries are the same, treatment is stipulated accordingly. In the case of mild injury management, it is fairly low maintenance, requiring a lot of rest and over-the-counter pain medicine. However, the patient must be monitored religiously in case of worsening or new symptoms where immediately medical attention is vital. Once cleared by a doctor, the patient steadily returns to their normal schedules. Immediately after moderate and severe injuries, treatment is concentrated on prevention of secondary damage resulting from inflammation, bleeding, or reduced oxygen supply to the brain. Medications prescribed to diminish chance of secondary loss include diuretics, anti-seizure drugs, and coma-inducing drugs. Surgery is crucial in removing hematomas (clotted blood), repairing skull fractures, and opening a window in the skull in order to relieve pressure and allow room for swelling. A large part of treatment is rehabilitation. The goal is to get patients back to their normal daily routines. Rehab usually

Phineas Gage, a 25 year old construction worker is known as one of the most famous patients that suffered from a traumatic brain injury. While working at a railroad site, an iron tamping rod (43 inches long, 1.25 diameter) went through his left cheek, through his brain, and out the skull. He surprisingly ended up surviving this traumatic injury. After a month in the hospital, he was back out on the street. Once a nice, caring person, Phineas turned into an aggressive man who could not even keep a job. Just like Phineas Gage, a TBI can potentially change everything. Brain studies on traumatic brain injuries are increasing every year. Even though the brain is very functional, brain injuries can have many physical, emotional, social, and

Traumatic brain injury is a serious harm to the brain which happens after a blow or jolt to the head. Also it causes wide-ranging spectrum of symptoms and disabilities. Suffering from TBI is not only an impact on the individual but it can also be devastating to the individual’s family. TBI can occur after experiencing a traumatic event or situation such as, accident, fall, violence, etc. There are three types of common symptoms for TBI for example, Physical, cognitive, and emotional. The symptoms for TBI and PTSD are really similar and because of similarities in both, it can be difficult to understand what the fundamental complication is. Furthermore, individuals with TBI are more likely to develop PTSD in the long run. Since there were many things the women was forgetting about while telling her story, it could have been due to TBI. When telling her story she couldn’t stay calm,” she cries

Initially the person affected should be removed from any strenuous work and told to rest. Sleep is the best remedy at this stage, as well as keeping their mind as relaxed as possible so things such as video games and T.V should be avoided to help your brain naturally try to reset itself. In the Army we take a test prior to brain injuries to create a baseline that can be reviewed after incidents involving TBI's to see if there was any long term change. Acute treatment consist of drugs to keep the person in a drug induced coma to prevent secondary injuries and help their bodies try to heal from the trauma, and this can also include devices to ventilate the patient if they can no longer breath on their own. Surgical means are typically for open head injuries but can also be implemented if there is pressure building up in the cranium. In the military given the prevalence of IED's in the battle field the army got together to make the MACE exam for quick assessment of those exposed to explosions or

However, modern technology is helping us to properly identify the physical cause of this injury. Today the diagnosis has changed to blast shock, it properly is named because it is the blast that has been discovered to cause the damage to the brain. An autopsy was done on 8 soldiers who had died after suffering blast shock. In each brain, scare tissue was discovered. This was different from the damage done from suffering a concussion as athletes do. What was once thought o be psychological may be identified as physical. This new discovery can help t properly identify patient diagnosis and

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a type of brain injury in which a sudden trauma leads to damage to the brain. This brain injury could be due to the head suddenly and aggressively being hit against an object or when an object penetrates the skull and enters the tissue of the brain. The symptoms of TBI can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe, but this all depends on the amount of damage that was done to the brain. When enduring a mild TBI, the person may experience a loss of consciousness, confusion, dizziness, and many other symptoms that are caused by brain damage. A person enduring a moderate TBI may encounter these same symptoms as well as severe ones.

The article states that patients that come in with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their families rely on the health care providers, nurses mostly, to give accurate and specific information

Current diagnosis of mild TBI is based on subjectively reported symptoms. There are no scans or blood tests to objectively assess the extent of the injury. There are guidelines, scales, and various checklist that are not specific enough for treatment or intervention. Standard brain imaging techniques, such as computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) do not contribute much to the diagnosis of mild TBI (except for ruling out intracranial bleeding or skull fracture), because the brain structure in those tests shows as normal in mild injuries. There are some advanced imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), positron emission tomography with computerized tomography (PET CT), single-photon emission computed tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging that can be helpful. Those tests, unfortunately, are not regularly administered and not covered by the health plans since they are considered not 100% accurate and have high cost. Electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potential procedures can measure the brain waves and detect the differences of injured versus non-injured brain; however, they are not routinely used in mild cases.

According to the CDC (United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), there are approximately 1.5 million people in the U.S. who suffer from a traumatic brain injury each year (CDC, 2003). Also, the CDC reports that nearly 50,000 people die from TBI each year and 85,000 people suffer long-term disabilities and slowly growing. Traumatic brain injury, also well known as TBI, is when severe change(s) in a normal functioning brain has abruptly changed due to a plethora of different MOI’s, some include: open or closed head injuries, deceleration injuries, chemical/toxic, hypoxia, tumors, infections and stroke. Car accidents, firearms, and falls often cause many TBI’s. Consequences of a brain injury vary from person-to-person because no two injuries are alike. A brain injury is different from a broken leg or punctured lung. Brain injuries do not heal like other injuries; once the brain is damaged it's hard to heal the damaged areas in the brain. Once the areas in the brain are affected it can lead to limited use of specific body parts, alter your personality, mental abilities, abnormal speech/language, impaired or loss of thinking and emotions (depression) and sensation (vision or hearing.)

The authors state that the patient history is designed to determine whether the event preceding symptoms was in fact a TBI, and whether the event involved external physical force or rapid acceleration/deceleration forces. In the event of external forces, individuals may experience loss of consciousness, altered mental status, posttraumatic amnesia, and/or focal neurological deficit. While there are plenty of caveats to keep in mind when determining and diagnosing a TBI, once the diagnosis has been made the next step is to characterize the clinical problems the patient presents with in relation to the TBI (Silver, McAllister, & Arciniegas,

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has continually garnered concern from the public. Effects of a TBI range from headaches to loss of motor functions in more severe cases. Normally when one hears that term, their first thought is about military personnel in a war zone. Now, that is definitely true; however, military personal are not the only ones who can receive a TBI. Anyone can suffer damage to the brain resulting in a TBI. A person’s head doesn’t even have to come into contact with another object for this to occur.

In this paper, I will be discussing ways to test Mary’s brain injury. Mary obtained her brain inju-ry by diving in a pool and hitting her head. Mary was shortly removed from the pool and sent to the hospital by the ambulance. Mary was unconscious for quite a while, but the next day re-gained consciousness. However, with the Glascow Coma Scale, Mary’s injuries will be tested and below you will find out how.