TENS Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

The clinical effectiveness of acupuncture has remained inclusive and continued to attract heated debates. Many trying acupuncture often hold the belief that acupuncture may help or entirely due to cultural curiosity. The majority of studies, in particular the German randomised controlled trials, show that acupuncture has better physiological effects for chronic pain conditions than the conventional standard therapy.

• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). This helps relieve pain by applying an electrical current through the skin.

The relationship discovered in the articles written by Denneson, et., al (2011) and Fletcher, et., al (2016) discuss how the Department of Veterans Affair is studying the significance of using complementary alternative medicine to effectively control chronic noncancerous pain versus the continuous use of opioids. Massage therapy was the most preferred and effective method for management of pain. In the article written by Fletcher, et., al (2016), about 60 percent of the outpatient was taking opioids for management of chronic pain.

Massage is a very common form of therapy for all sorts of things, from stress to chronic pain. There have been numerous studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of massage in helping to manage patients’ pain while keeping them off medication. The benefit of this type of treatment is pain relief through manipulation of the body. The mechanism of action is, once again, unknown, but it is thought to be related to stimulation of muscles and the blood flow being increased. There are

A post hoc-pair-wise comparison test was done to obtain the mean change among the three treatment groups with p values. P values that was greater than 0.5 were considered to be significant for the study. The author found that there were some changes in the participants physical activities where the TENS unit had caused the Fibromyalgia pain to subside where patients were able to have an improved quality of life. The effectiveness of this study does remain controversial due to TENS unit being self-administered by the

We are grateful for the “Manual Therapy” reviewers thoughtful review and suggestions to improve our manuscript. Our author team has reviewed, considered, and responded to all comments and suggestions the reviewers proposed in accordance with “Manual Therapy” guidelines. Thus, we are submitting a revised manuscript “The Immediate Cardiovascular Response to Joint Mobilization of the Neck- A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Pain-Free Adults” for follow-up consideration for publication in “Manual Therapy”. We are hopeful that our work will be deemed as valuable and disseminated for other manual therapists to consider.

A procedure used to release pain, radiofrequency ablation uses an electrical current produced by a radio wave to heat up a small area of nerve tissue. This decreases pain signals from that specific area. Cervical, lumbar, and thoracic RFA can be used to help patients with chronic low-back and neck pain and pain related to the degeneration of joints. This minimally-invasive procedure, can be performed in-office with a local

The strength of this recommendation is inconclusive. As practitioners, we should have minimum restraint in following this recommendation and should be on the lookout for new evidence in addition to strongly listening to patient preference. This recommendation is based upon three RCT’s. Two of these studies were of high strength and one was of moderate strength with regard to quality. All three of these studies had moderate applicability. In these studies, pain improvement was not consistently statistical significant (MD = .81, 95% CI -1.76, .14; MD = 2.26, p<.001; MD = -.82, 95% CI -1.247, -.39), and neither was function (MD = 3, 95% CI -1.05, 7.05; MD = 6.54, p=.001). In addition, the authors concluded the clinical significance of these findings were

The implementation of pain management based on the best available evidence implies the comprehensive assessment of pain with a reliable and valid assessment instrument, the application of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions based on the findings of the evaluation, the frequent re-evaluation of pain to know the level of response to treatment. Although evidence-based pain management

To assess the effects of massage treatments on pressure pain threshold (PPT), Albert F. Moraska conducted a randomized, placebo controlled trial on people with myofascial pain syndrome

Unattended electrical stimulation is the use of current to facilitate the reduction of pain, edema, and muscle spasm as well as to increase contractile force in the muscles. The type and frequency of current, placement of electrodes and duration of treatment are determined by the clinician.

(3) Medical management therapies (such as ongoing stretching exercises, physical therapy, NSAIDs, and muscle relaxants) have failed to control the pain;

Many break through devices have surfaced the market in hopes of being the "miracle" treatment for chronic pain sufferers. One type of electrical device, a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator, better known as the TENS unit, surfaced in the 16th century and was used primarily to treat headaches as well as other pains (Wikipedia). It has become a popular device that is frequently prescribed by orthopedic physicians and neurosurgeons to treat both acute and chronic pain. More recently, healthcare professionals have introduced a similar device, the Calmare pain therapy treatment. This electronic device sends signals through electrodes placed on the body that stimulate nerves in pain area. Through use of the device, the body's pain signals are masked, reducing or eliminating the pain syndrome. Though still under investigation and being trialed in limited areas of the country, there are reports of complete pain relief. Examples of patient reports include: A lifelong skier who suffered a back injury as well as a crushing knee injury and had underwent six failed surgeries with unresolved pain relief reported that after receiving the Calmare treatment, she was pain free and felt that the treatments were a "miracle". A mother who suffered severe reflex sympathy dystrophy, a debilitating disease of the nervous system that causes chronic pain, is progressive and cannot be cured, reported pain relief up to two weeks at a time before requiring a

J., Courtens, A. M., Zwakhalen, S. G., van Kleef, M., & de Witte, L. P. (2015).

In three randomized control trials, similar findings of massage therapy on the reduction of pain were found. In these studies, the control groups received the usual postoperative care which included analgesic administration (Bauer et al., 2010; Braun et al., 2012; Cutshall et al., 2010). The experimental groups received the usual care as well as two 20-minutes massage sessions on two different days. During the 20 minutes when the experimental group received the massage, the control group had 20 minutes of rest time to mirror the time of the massage patients. Visual analog scales were used in all three studies to measure pain intensity. Massage was provided depending on where the patients preferred and the areas of discomfort. It was found that in all three studies, the reduction of pain scores was more significant in the experimental groups as compared to the control groups whom only received rest time and analgesic medications. In one study, the patients’ average pain scores were reduced by 52% after massage therapy in one of the two days of receiving massage while the