TTY Research Papers

In 1997, Mark Drolsbaugh printed a book titled Deaf Again. In this book, Mark narrates his life story from a hearing child to deaf adult and all of his hardships. Mark was a hearing child born to deaf parents. As he matured, his hearing began to worsen and soon he was labeled as deaf, communicating became harder. He would make mistakes in class and be ridiculed for it. He did not understand the reason for the ridicule and eventually stopped putting effort in his studies. A pediatrician told his parents to look into speech therapy and hearing aids for him. His parents felt he would be happier if he connected more with his hearing side than subject him to a life ruled by his disability. However, his parents were fluent in ASL and regularly communicated with each other by signing. His guardians felt being taught to sign would hinder his development. As he aged, he experienced a larger disconnect from the hearing world, resulting in an isolating feeling. Eventually Mark learned ASL and gradually let the Deaf culture become a bigger part of his life. As his involvement in the Deaf culture grew he found a comradery that he had never had before. Soon, he began to see the value that came from communication and relationships with others above all else.

Such devices include Teletypewriters (TTY), which can relay typed text to and/or from one impaired person to another, Voice Carry Over (VCO), which allows a person who is hard of hearing or deaf to use one’s voice to receive responses from a person who is hearing via the operator’s typed text. There are also more self-explanatory modes of technology such as video conferencing and captioned telephones available to assist in communicating.

Deaf Again by Mark Drolsbaugh is about his life. Mark was born of deaf parents and he was hearing toddler until his first grade. At the time, he knew he was going to be deaf, everything was changed. Because of his hearing relatives, especially his hearing grandparents, he thought “good boy, be hearing” or “Deafness is bad. I am deaf. I need to be fixed.” He was not allowed to use American Sign Language; therefore, he was struggling in hearing world form school to work for more than twenty years. Once again, his life was changed completely when Linda Baine, who worked at the Pennsylvania School for the Deaf, asked him to work as a dorm supervisor. After that, he could explore more about Deaf Culture, he could learn more about American Sign Language and he could live with his persona.

Black Deaf Students: A Model for Educational Success Williamson explores the types of environments that would be best for deaf black students. She is able to do this by taking all of the intersectionality’s that are variables in the success of deaf black individuals. She took the

A TTY is a device that people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or have speech impediments can use to talk on the phone. TTYs are obviously used differently therefore, instead of talking the people using it type to each other. The TTY which stands for TeleTYpewriter was invented by the deaf scientist ,Robert Weitbrecht, in 1960. All that the TTY needs to work is a power source and a phone. The TTY looks very similar to a ten key adding machine or even a modern day typewriter. This invention made it possible for many deaf and hard of hearing people able to do many things over the phone like make appointments, talk to friends and family, even order takeout for dinner.

3. You could provide information for the deaf in picture form, for the blind, via a cd etc.

Communication such as British Sign Language, note-takers, lip speakers, interpreter etc. may be needed in order to help people who may be deaf or a person may not be able to make their own choices.

The book also describes how life has changed for deaf adults through the years. Previously, many deaf adults were not able to get jobs in many places, because there were not many places that were accepting to them. These days, however, almost every business or company is looking for those that are fluent in American Sign Language, due to the simple fact that they would be able to accommodate that many more people and earn more money for their business. Also, there were not many outlets for deaf adults to use in relation to entertainment or basic needs, because again, mostly everything was catered to hearing adults only. However, they have recently developed many different ways for the deaf to communicate with the hearing and with one another, including TTY, full-keyboard, and internet phones and closed-captions on television stations and movies.

First, this book allowed me to see the negative way in which deaf people were perceived. This book is not old by any means, and I was taken aback by the way deaf children were perceived by not only others in the community, but often times by their own parents as well. The term

In the autobiography Deaf Again, Mark Drolsbaugh writes about his life being born hearing, growing up hard of hearing, to eventually becoming deaf. By writing this book, he helps many people view from his perspective on what it is like for someone to struggle trying to fit in the hearing society. Through his early years, his eyes were closed to the deaf world, being only taught how to live in a hearing world. Not only does the book cover his personal involvement, but it covers some important moments in deaf history. It really is eye-opening because instead of just learning about deaf culture and deaf history, someone who lived through it is actually explaining their experiences.

“Deaf in America” book mainly focused on Deaf culture of today and comparing it to the culture of the past. The stories in the book describes what kind of struggles deaf people had to go through in order to get to where they are today. The book, “Deaf in America”, were written by two authors, Carol Padden and Tom Humphries, both in which are deaf. Padden and Humphries were able to collect factors, stories, and experiences of other deaf people within America and compiled them into one book describing their perspective of the world of the hearing. Padden and Humphries wanted to show how deaf culture was different from hearing culture. The reader of the book gets a chance to travel through the history to those who have experienced the deaf world first handed. The book also presented a positive impact to the readers by letting the readers know in the introduction that the authors writing the book were deaf and would indicate that the experience were real and true. Padden and Humphries

For example, visual technologies which include captions, video telephone, and even alerting devices (Nomeland 171- 188). All these slowly started to slowly increase more and more making the world more welcoming. By including captions in movie theatres and television the deaf could enjoy a movie or show. Also by creating the video telephone the deaf could now start to communicate with family from a long distance. Also by the development of alerting devices they could now see when someone is at the door knocking. There are so many more advances that have contributed to the social life of the Deaf community, but these few I saw as very

He focuses on how technology is supposed to significantly impact a student’s performance and completely forgets to mention how important technology may be for someone who cannot learn well without responsive instruction; for example, technology in the classroom can be beneficial to students that are physically or mentally impaired. On the contrary, the article ‘Technology and Literacy for Adolescents with disabilities’ describes how technology “can be universally beneficial for all students as a vehicle for learner engagement or conveyance of instructional content, and it can also promote participation, learning, and performance by students with disabilities”(King-Sears, Swanson, Mainzer, 569). The article then illustrates an example of how technology can specifically facilitate classroom learning by stating “For example, an electronic picture board with voice output might be considered assistive technology for a student whose disability included significant oral language deficits” (King-Sears, Swanson, Mainzer, 569). In this sense, technology does have a significant role in students’ life, not only making it important, but necessary. Also as mentioned above, the performance of these students have been affected in a significant way. Throughout the article, they describe how these new assistive technologies have changed the two specific students, Brian and Michelle. Brian has dysgraphia which prevents him from being able to transfer his thoughts onto paper and Michelle has Asperger’s Syndrome, which gives Michelle “genius-level intelligence” (King-Sears et al.). The technologically advanced tools that they have both been given are not only specialized to assist them, but also help them do tasks that

Speech and language disorders, as with any learning disability, can cause embarrassment and social hindrance for students along with the educational setbacks. Unfortunately there is yet to be a cure discovered, but luckily there are many ways in which individuals with learning disabilities can seek treatment and aide. For example a child could receive therapy from a speech pathologist to help them articulate more clearly. There is also assistive technology available for all types of disorders. Assistive technology can help motivate students to overcome the barriers in learning that they face by compensating in the area that they lack. When choosing which type of device that a student should use, it is very important that it is one that will accommodate to the specific disability of the student (Fleming, 1999). For individuals with speech and language disorders, either an electronic communication device or a personal FM listening system would be appropriate. An electronic communication device allows one to type their ideas into a machine so they

However, technology has played countless roles in my life over the years. Having had handwriting issues all my life (bad enough to get me diagnosed with dysgraphia), the keyboard liberated me and introduced me to a love a writing and storytelling I was never before able to experience. From grades 3 through 7, I used a pseudo-typewriter called an AlphaSmart in order to participate in school. This simple keyboard propelled me from barely being able to write a page of a simple story to writing a pages and pages, unlocking my