Table: 9 Formulation Of Metoprolol Succinate Sustained Release Granules

In this investigation, a TLC plate and ethyl acetate (solvent) were used to measure the Rf values of four different solutions of Tylenol, Anacin, Acetaminophen, and Acetylsalicylic acid. The value of Rf depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces that exists in molecules. The stronger the intermolecular forces are, the harder the solvent moves the molecule up, resulting a small Rf value. In contrast, molecules with weak intermolecular forces tend to have a high Rf value.

Pre-Lab: Analgesic drugs are known for reducing pain, while antiseptic drugs reduce symptoms such as fevers and swelling. However, some of these drugs can reduce both illnesses. To obtain a pure compound in these drugs, the scientist needs to separate the desired compound by taking advantage of the different physical and chemical properties. Such as; different boiling points, melting points and their solubility properties. To do this a chemist can also asses the differences between acidic and basic substances when they are added to water soluble mixtures. Within this current experiment I will asses the

In this experiment, several analgesics were analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and the composition of an unknown tablet was identified. We define chromatography as the separation of two or more compounds or ions by their molecular interactions by either a moving or a stationary phase.1 There are different types of chromatography: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Gas Liquid Chromatography (GC), and Column Chromatography (CC). All of which there two phases:

In this experiment, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to identify and compare polarity of two molecules, caffeine and acetaminophen. Chromatography is defined as the separation of a mixture of chemicals as they flow at different rates over a stationary phase based on their relative polarity. Caffeine, the more polar molecule had a greater affinity for the polar silica gel stationary phase causing it to consistently have a lower retention factor regardless of the mobile phase. This methodology can be effectively used to distinguish and analyze the polarity various of chemical mixtures such as within medicines, inks, etc.

The three compounds that were separated was anisole, benzoic acid, and o-toluidine. Benzoic acid is more polar than anisole and o-toluidine which causes it to travel the TLC plate the least because the silica gel is polar. Anisole is nonpolar which causes it to travel up the TLC plate. The amount the compounds travel can help determine Rf values in order to find which eluent is suitable. 70% hexane and 30% ethyl acetate showed that it was a suitable eluent because the three mixtures match up their compounds on the TLC plate and Rf values.

The objective of this lab was to use Thin Layer Chromatography to separate the different compounds found in four over-the-counter drugs. TLC uses the polarities of the different compounds to separate them and the uses their Rf value to determine the exact compound(s) present. Compounds with higher polarity will stay closer to the baseline because they have a stronger connection to the silica.

Sturmeny (2009) notes that clinical formulation is also known as case formulation as a fundamental skill for all clinical professionals in the mental health field. The primary purpose of the formulation is to assess the patient’s problem from a varied perspective and time span that helps in the diagnosis and treatment plan for the patient. The predisposing factors determine the vulnerabilities the patient is prone to; the precipitating factors evaluate the stress factors; perpetuating factors assess the maintaining factors while the predictive factors as the positive and the negative prognostic features of the problem (Fernando, 2010). The table below indicates the clinical formulation for Luis.

After realizing that the solvent moved up in ¾ the TLC plate was removed and marked where the solvent reached by using a pencil. The next step was spotting under UV light, and draw around different spot appeared. The Rf value obtained, showed a close range between Tylenol and acetaminophen, and between Anacin and Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin). This combination were also used in Co- spotting where on TLC plate, only two dots were drawn and placed a sample of acetaminophen overlapping Tylenol and Anacin overlapping aspirin on a second spot, and then used UV light gave two spot as predicated. Throughout this experiment possibly some error could have happened, like not putting the a lid on developing chamber as soon as possible, the solvent dried so fast when removed from glass jar this could have caused error in drawing a line in the wrong place and therefore interfering with our Rf values. TLC experiment are useful in biochemical analysis in separation of biochemical metabolites or constituent from its body fluids, blood plasm, and urine. TLC can be used in pharmaceutical industry for detection of impurity in a pharmacopoeias chemical (TLC

Using a mortar and pestle, the weighted tablets are crushed manually and turned into homogeneous powder. Ground material is transferred to a 250 cm3 glass beaker with 200cm3 of deionized water in it. The solution is stirred with glass rod. This solution is transferred to a 250cm3 conical flask that had been previously washed with deionized water.

Twenty Roliflo-OD® capsules were opened and emptied and the contents were accurately weighed. A portion of the capsules contents equivalent to 2.5 mg TAM and 25 mg TOL was weighed and accurately transferred into a 25-mL volumetric flask using about 15 mL methanol. On the other hand, twenty Vesomni® tablets were weighed and finely powdered. A portion of the tablet powder equivalent to about 2.5 mg TAM and 37.5 mg SOL was transferred into another 25-mL volumetric flask using about 15 mL methanol. The sample solutions of both flasks were sonicated for 15 min. In both flasks, the volume was completed to 25 mL using methanol and filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter paper. Portions of 1, 2 and 3 mL of each of the prepared Roliflo-OD® capsules sample

Multi use of single dose vials are the leading cause of life threatening infection. It may cause wide spread infections such as hepatitis ,STD’s or hospital acquired infections and can even lead to death. The Nursing staff must follow safe injection and infection control practices to prevent bacterial growth by the use of strict aseptic method each time. The use of storage, preparation, administration, and discard on medication in safe manner. The use of sterile alcohol or approved aseptic swab will control bacterial growth. Do not reuse vials once open. Discard the vials properly after single use even if medication is left in vials. Using a teach back style educate the patient on improved safety and controlled environment will prevent diseases.

Methods: Solid dispersions bisoprolol hemifumarate (SD-BH) was prepared by using EC and HPMC in different ratios. A 3* 22 full factorial design was used to investigate the main formulation parameters (different fillers, binder differ in the molecular weight and different coat type).

The selection of an appropriate dosage form is critical because a dosage form with poor drug delivery can make a useful drug worthless. A large percent of these new chemical entities (NCEs) in addition to many existing parent drugs often show poor solubilization behaviour which lead to poor oral bioavailability with wide intra- and inter- subject variation and present formulators with considerable technical challenges. [1] Many approaches have been meticulously explored to improve the oral bioavailability of such drugs including particle size reduction (micronization or nanosizing), complexation, and modification of the physicochemical properties. [2, 3]

Tablet that contains a core covered with coatings is the most common form of medicine. In order to determine the distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in this heterogenetic system, Raman techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, Raman depth profiling and Raman imaging are utilized as well suitable tools because many drugs’ molecular structures are Raman active.

Levofloxacin cocrystals were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Varying ratios of levofloxacin and coformers such as stearic acid (1:1, 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7) and sodium saccharin (1:1 and 2:1) were physically mixed in a glass mortar. Each powder mixture was transferred into a round bottom flask and dissolved using ethanol as a solvent for crystallization. The round bottom flask containing ethanolic solution of the drug and coformer was attached to the rotary flash evaporator (Heidolph, Germany) and ethanol was evaporated under vacuum at 40 ± 2 °C with continuous rotation at a speed of 30 rpm. The solid dry powders obtained were dried in a desiccator at room temperature for a period of 24 h for complete removal of solvent traces. The dry powders were passed through a 250 m sieve with mesh size #60 and stored at room temperature in air tight screw capped glass vials in a desiccator away from direct light until further evaluation.