Taking a Look at Cryogel Bioreactors

Comparing these potential market size, we can easily observe that Oxyglobin is roughly two times as profitable as Hemopure. Accordingly, Biopure should take these data into account to evaluate whether or not to launch Oxyglobin immediately. On the other hand, this revenue expectation is not so realistic. In fact, it is almost impossible that the company will capture the whole potential markets because of its small production capacity. This latter represents the main obstacle to a potential success of Biopure in both animal and human

An instant cold pack is a device which is composed of 2 sacks, one which contains water, and the other with another chemical. When the user wishes to activate the cold pack, she squeezes it, and breaks the boundary between the water and the chemical. This causes an endothermic reaction as the water dissolves the chemical. The reaction then lowers the pack’s temperature by absorbing heat from the surroundings. Cold packs typically utilize the chemicals ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, or urea. A cold pack using ammonium nitrate will typically hit a low of 1.67℃ for 10 to 15 minutes. However, for the purposes of the first portion of the experiment, the chemicals being tested were ammonium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium

Through our data acquisition on day one our predicted values for the change in temperature of our NaCl solution in water was slightly off. This was most likely due to recording the freezing temperature sometime after the precise moment of the solution freezing. However, we predicted that as we doubled our concentration of NaCl in solution the freezing point depression would also double which is consistent with our results. Through our day one experiments we were able to better understand the ability of NaCl as a deicer by understanding how the freezing point depression changes based on concentration. We could further test these results by testing with different concentrations of NaCl.

The freezing point depression constant for water that was experimentally determined in this analysis was 0.0479 °C/m, which was derived from the slope of the trend line in Figure 4. This is significantly lower than the constant stated in the literature of 1.86 °C/m.1 The freezing point temperature determined via cryoscopy should have been much lower in the high sucrose concentration solutions.

The objectives in this laboratory were to be able to calculate the freezing point depression among three trials of unknowns, be able to correctly measure the freezing points of p-xylene, and to be able to calculate the molar masses of the unknowns by found freezing point depression values. This was done to be able to understand and apply a concept names supercooling. Supercooling is when a liquid is put far under its original freezing point and remains a liquid or gas. This happens when a substance is cooled so quickly that it’s easier for it to stay a liquid than to crystalize, until it reached its nucleation point and begins to heat up returning to its freezing point (image 4). The supercooling of p-xylene was observed in three

One of the ideas talked about in this book that I found most fascinating was the section named “A Spoonful of Sugar Helps the Temperature Go Down.” The idea of cryonics has always intrigued me, ever since I saw it in the Austin Powers movie series. When reading about baseball legend Ted Williams and the process he went through to become physically frozen, my hopes were high that maybe, just maybe, one day that this idea would become a reality. However, the book immediately shuts down all hopes, proving that this science will never be possible. Human bodies will never be able to be reanimated from a “true deep freeze” stage. When human bodies are frozen, our capillaries in a way similar “to the way a pipe bursts when the water’s left on in an unheated house” (Moalem 35). However, human bodies can still endure some cold. There are various natural defense systems that protect us from completely freezing. The first defense system is one that

Cryonics is the theory of freezing people, and then reanimating them in the future. In my childhood, we heard these rumors of Disney keeping Walt Disney’s head frozen in hopes of reanimating him when the technology came. There was a TV series, Out of Jimmy’s Head, that parodied this rumor, and played around with the subject of cryogenically frozen brain transplants. Even though the boy had his brain switched for the cartoonist’s frozen brain, he still had his own conscious, but with the hallucinations of the cartoonist’s. However, this is a TV series that appeared on Cartoon Network, so this insight may have been an oversight in their planning.

Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory was to gain an understanding of the differences between the freezing points of pure solvent to that of a solvent in a solution with a nonvolatile solute, and to compare the two.

The most common example of freezing point depression is in the salting of roads when it snows (Kimbrough, 2006). As the melting of the first flakes on the warm road occurs, a solution of salty water is created which has a lower freezing point than pure snow (Kimbrough, 2006). Now, the temperature will not get cold enough to freeze the salty solution the way it can freeze water, keeping ice and snow from bonding to the pavement (Kimbrough, 2006). In this lab, the freezing point depression was calculated experimentally by adding an unknown solute to Lauric Acid,

Liquid nitrogen is the main chemical utilized in a cryotherapy procedure. It is used to freeze genital warts and other skin diseases at the cellular level. The super-cooled fluid is sprayed onto the warts. A blister then starts to form around the treated wart. After a few days, the wound heals. Both the blister and the wart then fall off. It often takes more than one cryotherapy session to completely eliminate all of the genital warts.

In 1998, Biopure Corporation is one of the three legitimate contenders in the emerging field of “blood substitutes” along with Baxter International and Northfield

Since the development of recombinant DNA technology in the early 21st century, protein therapeutics have continued to grow appeal in pharmaceutical development. Examples of biological products include monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, blood products, as well as gene and cell therapies. (Biologics report, 2013) Unlike small molecule drugs, they are more predictable in living organisms, highly selective, and have higher therapeutic efficacy. In addition, protein biologics have minimal interference with natural biological processes, showing fewer side effects and consequently offering better protection for patients. (Škalko-Basnet, N. 2014)

As stated, our solvent in this lab will be tert-butanol. We start by recording the freezing point of this substance without anything added. Then, we add various

Andree, C., et al. “Gene Technology and Tissue Engineering.” Minimally Therapy & Allied Technologies 11.3 (2002): 93-99. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 March 2014.

Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junctions of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy, depending on the direction of the current. Such an instrument is also called a Peltier device, Peltier heat pump, solid state refrigerator, or thermoelectric cooler (TEC). It can be used either for heating or for cooling, although in practice the main application is cooling. It can also be used as a temperature controller that either heats or cools.