Taking a Look at Escherichia Coli

The purpose of this lab is to use genetic engineering to transform E. coli bacteria by inserting the plasmid pGLO, and to then see if the bacteria was transformed by using the antibiotic, ampicillin.

E. coli is a bacterium capable of being transmitted from one person to another. To ensure that the bacteria used in this experiment were not transmitted to other places, items, or organisms, several safety protocols were followed.

Escherichia coli are rod shaped, gram negative bacteria often found in the gut of humans and other warm-blooded mammals (Jacques & Ngo, 2004). It is transmitted primarily through faecal contaminated food and water. Most strains of E. coli are not harmful to humans, however some strains are pathogenic and can cause symptoms including diarrhoea (Unknown, 2012).

2. Why do you think Mrs. Garner's students did not become ill, while Ms. Hines' kids did?

Escherichia Coli, located in one of the main organs known as the large intestine, is a type of bacteria that helps digestion. (Trzepacz, Timmons, and Duobinis-Gray, 2016) For Escherichia Coli to remain stable and alive, it needs specific necessities. These needs are known as the following: Energy, vitamins, and similar compounds. Escherichia Coli is found everywhere!

2. List what it is caused by (specific scientific and common names of the organism: Escherichia coli

Esherichia coli also known as E. coli is a bacterium that lives in your gut. (1). it was founded by Theodore von Esherich in 1888. There are many people that can get the bacteria. Also there are thousands of strands of E.coli. Six E. coli O157 outbreaks were identified during 2007. Four of the outbreaks involved foodborne transmission. (Eshericha Coli). Six Minnesota cases and one Wisconsin case with the same or closely-related PFGE subtype of E. coli O157:H7, and an additional Minnesota case of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli that was not culture-confirmed, attended the Minnesota State Fair in August. All but one of the cases showed cattle or visited the cattle

The variety of bacteria that lives in our world today is endless. With variety of bacteria comes a numerous amount of adaptations and enhancements that the bacteria develops, including antibiotic resistance. Escherichia coli, better known as E.coli, is a gram-negative bacteria with several different types of clones with a variety of effects. E.coli often enters the intestinal tract as soon as an infant is born and some forms of it are not pathogenic but rather beneficial to the body(Kaper et al, 2004). When infected with pathogenic E.coli, the body often responds, depending of the type of pathogenic E.coli, with diarrhea, vomiting, upset stomach. etc. The rate at which E.coli is adapting, is creating a much more difficult job to find antibiotics that can eliminate the growth of this bacteria (Tadasse et al., 2002).

The gram-negative bacilli were first discovered and described by Theodor Escherich, a German pediatrician in 1885. Originally named as Bacterium coli commune, the name was changed to Escherichia coli (E.coli) (Stanford T. Shulman et al., 2007). E.coli is known as the most free-living organism being studied. More than 700 E.coli serotypes have been discovered. Their “O” antigen (somatic), and “H” antigen (flagellar) and “K” antigen (capsular) distinguish the different E.coli serotypes. E.coli is commensal bacterial species of the mammalian colon. The bacterium typically colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of an infant within a few hours of life. It is known that E.coli and its human host-derived a mutual benefit that they coexist in good health. Most of E.coli strains are harmless except in immunocompromised hosts, or when gastrointestinal barriers are violated that even non-pathogenic strains can cause disease. Nevertheless, there are certain serotypes that may cause disease in humans and animals. Pathogenic E.coli can be divided into six recognized diarrheagenic categories: enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC), enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC), enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) and diffusely adherent E.coli (DAEC) (James B. Kaper et al., 2004). E.coli caused a major health problem in developing countries such as China and Korea. It has been found to be associated with most gastrointestinal diseases in

Escherichia coli, oe e.coli, is a safe bacteria found in the large intestine, but also a dangerous bacteria outside of the body. While inside the body the bacteria produces vitamin K which cannot be obtained from food. Therefore e.coli is an essential bacteria in the human body. This bacteria is also a facultative anaerobe meaning it can live with and without oxygen. This means that it can thrive inside of the body, but it can also thrive outside of the body. When e.coli is outside of the body it is very dangerous. E.coli can be found in uncooked meats, unpeeled vegetables, unwashed fruits, and everything contaminated with feces. Dr. Harrlet Burge (2011) stated that e.coli can survive in water for up to 100 days and can remain in soil for as many as 15 weeks. Once the e.coli bacteria infects a human being, the person will experience diarrhea and abdominal pain, both from the bacteria

E. coli is a pathogenic bacteria that causes diarrhea and illness outside the intestinal tract. It is transmitted through the consumption of food or water and causes great dehydration. (CDC.org). I had never heard of E. coli until this nasty bacteria decided to give me a first hand experience. It all started in the end of October, when Body Balance Academy took a weekend trip to Capitola, California for their second surf camp. The camp initiated as an awesome experience. I was able to catch so many waves and get stronger with each stroke. “Paddle, paddle, paddle, just one more stroke and you can catch this amazing wave,” is what I told myself every time I feel like my arms were going to swim away from me. During our break from surfing, the

Bacteria play major role on production of proteins especially for proteins that are required to be synthesised in glycosylated, bacteria have outstanding appearance system and also their relative simplicity biologically. Bacterial processes also be likely to be cheaper than eukaryotic cell processes because of lesser media costs and shorter method. The most ordinarily use of bacterium for recombinant protein production is Escherichia coli, an enteric bacterium that has a long pedigree of safe use in laboratories and industry .E. coli is a mainly suitable host because it is well categorized physiologically and metabolically, it was among the first organisms to have its entire genome sequenced and many molecular biology tools a for engineering DNA sequence to generate functionally. E. coli is

E. coli is a germ that is found in the intestines of humans and animals. There are various kinds of E. coli but most are harmless. In the United States, E. coli affects people the most when meat is not cooked to 106 Fahrenheit because bacteria can remain and infect one’s body when it’s eaten. E. coli can appear when in contact with feces; this can happen when the feces contaminate food with water. It can also happen when a non-infected person comes in contact, usually hand-to-hand, with an infected person (DeNoon, 2012).

Escherichia coli are commonly found in lower intestine of warm blooded animals. Most E. coli are harmless. The bacteria can be grown easily and its genetics are relatively simple and easy to study, making it the best-studied prokaryotic organism. Certain strains of E. coli can produce toxins that can cause food poisoning when eating unwashed vegetables. (Wikipedia, 2010)

E. coli is has become a highly characterized organism across biological studies as a whole and it has also begun to be adapted in synthetic biology for the purpose of cancer therapeutics. Collaborative efforts