This is achieved by having the carrier spacing equal to the reciprocal of the symbol period. Traditional view of receiving signals carrying modulation Traditional view of receiving signals carrying modulation To see how OFDM works, it is necessary to look at the receiver. This acts as a bank of demodulators, translating each carrier down to DC. The resulting signal is integrated over the symbol period to regenerate the data from that carrier. The same demodulator also demodulates the other carriers
Aruba Migration Guide Table of Contents Introduction 802.11AC basics Why 802.11ac? 802.11ac technology overview Backward compatibility RF spectrum Multistation MAC throughput > 1 Gbps 256 QAM Wider channels More spatial streams Downlink multi-user MIMO Pros of 802.11ac Cons of 802.11ac Strategy and planning for 802.11ac migration Site planning basics Planning process Minimum requirements and actions to implement 802.11ac Aruba recommendations for 802.11ac migration General Capacity RF planning Installation
analog systems were placed in service around the world during the 1980s. The 2G (second generation) systems designed in the 1980s were still used mainly for voice applications but were based on digital technology, including digital signal processing techniques. These 2G systems provided circuit‐switched data communication services at a low speed. The competitive rush to design and implement digital systems led again to a variety of different and incompatible standards such as GSM (global system mobile)
access techniques (FDMA, TDMA and CDMA) using the user position information to provide access to the best communication channel based on their spatial location. This paper presents Smart Antenna techniques applied to SDMA systems as an efficient frequency usage technique. Key Words — Base station, Beamforming, Code division multiple-access (CDMA), Dynamic Channel Allocation (DCA) Fixed Channel Allocation (FCA), Frequency division multiple-access (FDMA), Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO), Space-division
dynamic routing protocols can facilitate to logical network topology changes, equipment failures and so on. Q2. Answer the following in relation to medium access control. a. Explain in detail with the help of diagrams the media access control technique used in Ethernet. In the seven layer OSI model, Media Access Control (MAC) is a sub layer of the data link layer. Over the internet a Media Access Control Address (MAC address) unique identifier for a network adaptor or an Ethernet. There are different
another system attribute which is dependent on the modulation scheme. While a number of modulation schemes compatible with dimming requirement have been proposed to mitigate data rate and light quality losses, a comprehensive assessment of such technique is lacking 1.5 EXISTING SYSTEM In Existing System of VLC only voice transmission is done. The voice will be transmitted with the help of light and at the receiving end the photo detector will receive the signals and it is feed to the speaker via
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Anto vinoth.M, Punith Maharishi.Y.R antovinoth.m@gmail.com maharishipunith@yahoo.com Abstract— Mobile communication is continuously one of the hottest areas that are developing at a booming speed, with advanced techniques emerging in all the fields of mobile and wireless communications. With this rapid development it is expected that fourth generation mobile systems will be launched within decades. 4G mobile systems focus on seamlessly integrating the existing wireless