Taking a Look at Malaria

Ecological factors that encourage the Anopheles mosquito, and thus also encourage the prevalence of malaria include: being near the equator, densely populated areas, warmer temperatures, standing water, maintaining water for irrigation and deforested areas. (Holy p.1)

It tropical and sub-tropical climates temperature, humidity, and rainfall work together to create a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are a host for communicable diseases one in particular is called malaria. Malaria is a parasitic disease that infects a particular type of mosquito, Anopheles mosquitoes, which feeds on humans. People who get malaria are typically very sick with high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like illness. Although malaria can be a deadly disease, illness and death from malaria can usually be prevented (Global Health - Division of

Malaria is spread by the female Anopheles mosquito.When the mosquito bites the malaria parasite is passed into the human bloodstream, infecting them and this works both ways, if a human has previously been given the parasite and a unaffected mosquito bites them, the mosquito will pick up the parasite and spread it further. For the mosquito to survive it the humidity must be high, and the temperature must be between 15°C and below 40°C. Stagnant pools of water allow the mosquito to live. It uses areas like marshes, lakes and river pools to breed. Increasing population growth can encourage people to live closer to affected areas that were previously avoided, such as close to river pools. Normally the

about 207 million cases of malaria and 80% of cases of malaria in the world are in Africa. There

In the past decade at an alarming rate Malaria has been escalating, especially in Africa. In Africa alone Malaria cases account for 90% of the known cases in the world. There are an estimated 400 million cases of this disease each year which is said to cause 1.5 – 2.7 million deaths.

A general factors that effects the transmission of disease is the weather of countries. For example, in Africa the weather is really hot which means mosquitos are able to survive through bites? Malaria would be spread through the bites of the mosquitos. Therefore, many people that are suffering from malaria in Africa spend most of their income of treatments. Even though malaria has been eliminated from temperature climates, it will still affect the sub-tropical and tropical regions. Malaria is one of the major public health challenges due to poor counties. However, people that have high incomes will be able to prevent themselves rather than suffering from the disease. Not being able to pay for vaccine is the biggest factor as it affects

Malaria is an infectious disease carried by mosquitos which is endemic to many tropical and subtropical regions, predominantly Northern Africa. Since 1980, data has been systematically collected in an attempt to expose true Global mortality rates; revealing both positive and negative fluctuations. However since

Malaria is mostly affected in Africa due to combination of factors in that country. Due to their mosquito’s type and bacteria carrying. There local weather condition allows transmission to occur all year long. In most cases Malaria is less chance to cause death but if not diagnosed on time can lead to death especially in children.

Between 1998-2004, the malaria cases in Panama quadrupled. And globally, the malaria death toll has grown inescapably since 1981. In 1995, Europe suffered 90,000 cases of malaria. Today, eight times more malaria patients arrive at the clinics and hospitals across Europe than they did in the 1970’s. Mosquitoes infect between 250 million and 500 million people with malaria every year and close to 1 million perish. Human beings have suffered the disease for more than 500,000 years. This plague is very deadly.

Malaria is a detriment to the country of Africa and after much research I have found a plethora of information on the malaria epidemic on Africa and how truly devastating it is. Throughout this research paper I will touch on everything related to malaria in Africa including economic to personal problems that may relate to the state of the country. In the first paragraph I will go into depth on when this outbreak began and the whereabouts of its origin. Also If anyone is to blame for this horrid plague like virus that has spread throughout many poor countries life africa. Then I will dive into more in depth issues connecting malaria to the conditions in Africa.

Why is malaria becoming more prevalent in Nairobi and in the Amazonian Indian villages? (4 points)

To begin with, the difficulty in eradicating Malaria by trying to change the environmental factors is, quite simply, there is only so much we can control. There is no doubt that there is a link between the frequencies of Malaria and climate it is found in. It is extremely prevalent in Africa, specifically the countries closest to the Equator. The tropical and sub-tropical regions of countries like Chad and Sierra Leone are ideal conditions for the mosquitoes that necessary for the transmission of the parasite to humans.

Around the world there has been shifts in the transportation of the leech, which is involved with Malaria (Guerra et al., 2006). Deforestation is likely to be at a higher level in the years to come (Guerra et al., 2006). Because of the increase in Deforestation there will be an increase in Malaria as well because of the link between the two. Deforestation and the disease Malaria causes more Malaria exposure in the Americas and declines in Asia. Over the past couple of years there has been a huge increase in Malaria (Snow et al., 2006). Deforestation in areas such as; the Amazon, Africa, and Asia have been increasing dramatically (Guerra at al., 2006). Many different things can cause increases in Malaria. It can be caused by changes in environment by deforestation, changing the forest into rice paddies is a more stable environment for Malaria (Guerra et al., 2006). Depending on the different type of Malaria, deforestation can cause an increase in certain types of Malaria depending on the type of environment the Malaria likes (Guerra

According to the ONE CAMPAIGN approximately 219 people live in the world with malaria and 90% of those who died from malaria are from sub-Saharan Africa. There are many important risk factors that are highly associated with malaria. Those who are poor in these undeveloped countries live in places where mosquito density tends to be high and because they are unable to afford instecide treated nets over their beds when they are asleep or spray that they could potentially spray around their rooms, they are more exposed being bitten by the mosquitoes. They also live near stagnant water where mosquitoes actually live and hang around and because they cannot remove the water they are surrounded with mosquitoes so they are more likely to

Malaria is a fever based disease caused by a microscopic parasite that is carried by a vector mosquito. An estimated 247 million cases of malaria occur annually and result in about 1-3 million deaths per year, majority of which are children under the age of 5 (1). In 2010, Malaria caused an estimated 219 (range 154–289) million cases and 660 000 (range 490 000–836 000) deaths of which 80% of the cases and 90% of the deaths were from Africa while the rest were in the South-East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean Regions (2). Plasmodium which is the disease causing organism (DCO) is a genus of a parasitic protozoon in the phylum apicomplexa. This parasite has 2 hosts; a mosquito vector, which is also its definitive host and a vertebrate host, in this case a human which is their intermediate host. Five species of Plasmodium cause malaria in humans: P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. falciparum, and the zoonotic monkey malaria parasite P. knowlesi. Of these, P. falciparum causes severe morbidity and mortality mainly in sub-Saharan Africa (2). The plasmodium parasite is transmitted by a female