Taking a Look at Multiple Sclerosis

MS is characterized by the destruction of myelin, inflammation in the CNS and the formation of lesions in the CNS.

It is suggested by previous studies that the damage of the myelin sheath in MS involves the activation of inflammatory factors including the CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophages and microglia cells (Luccinetti et al., 1996; Lassmannet al., 2012). However, whether the immune response triggers the onset of MS, or is a consequence of the disease process is currently not clear. Interestingly, several recent studies suggested that the prevalence rate of MS is significantly increased with latitude, which implies that not only the geographical (environmental) differences but racial and ethnic differences may play a role in the worldwide MS distribution (Rosati, 2001; Simpson et al., 2011).

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that attacks the central nervous system. The myelinated nerve cells get attacked which results in scars and lesions that destroy the myelin sheath. The reason for the body attacking its own nerve cells is unknown. Many believe that the cause of MS is from a virus, a deficiency in Vitamin D, or genetics. Studies are being done to find out what is the real cause of MS.

Multiple Sclerosis, commonly known as MS is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Scientists have been studying MS since the 19th century. In MS, the body’s immune system produces cells and antibodies that attack myelin in your brain which is essential for the nerves in your brain and spinal cord to conduct electricity to perform its function. The attack on myelin results in vison loss, paralysis, numbness, muscle weakness, difficulty walking, stiffness, spasms, and bladder and bowel problems. MS has varying degrees of severity and affects people between the ages of 20-50, mostly women. Although there are treatments, there is no cause and cure yet.

MS is an autoimmune disease, meaning the immune system attacks the bodys own myelin sheath protection. The damaged myelin and axon fibers is caused by overactivated T cells.

Moreover, the location of the living place in the world can affect some aspects causing MS to develop, and these aspects are the expose to sunlight and vitamin D concentration in the body (3,5). When people are further away from the equator, they become more in risk to have MS due to decreasing sunlight exposure and vitamin D concentration (5). The relation between sunlight exposure and vitamin D is that sunlight exposure gives the body the essential amount of vitamin D to function properly (3). When Vitamin D concentration decrease, the enzymes that help producing Calcitriol, a substance that helps the brain activate the genes essential for nervous cells to make neurotrophins protein that helps the cells to grow, decrease too causing brain problem

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong disorder of the central nervous system: that consist of the brain and spinal cord. MS is known as an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is the cover that protects the nerve cells. When the myelin is damaged, messages between the brain and the whole body get disrupt. MS is more probable to affect people between the ages of 20 to 40 years. The effects of the disease vary for everybody who suffers from it. Depending on this the disease may progress rapidly or slowly. MS has four different categories of progressing. Unfortunately, MS is an incurable disease, but treatments such as medication and physical therapy can help comfort and regulate the symptoms. In this essay, I will talk about the progression of the four types of MS and the stages of diagnosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disease that causes disruption to the electrical functions of the immune system resulting in cognitive and motor functions to become destroyed. 1 Multiple sclerosis affects 350,000 people in the United States, however; 2.3 million people globally are known to have multiple sclerosis. 2 This disease has throughout the years been on the rise all over the world. This increase could be due to people moving from one region to another. 2 Women tend to be at greater risk of having multiple sclerosis than men. Women typically develop symptoms at the ages of 20 and 40 years while men are known to develop symptoms at a later age. 2 Caucasian women are more susceptible to developing multiple sclerosis while African Americans have a lower chance of getting this disease. 1 Considering that MS is a disease that affects the nervous system, there is no concise explanation as to what causes this disease. Tobacco products have been linked to causing MS as well as some viruses and bacteria. 2 As viruses attack the brain and the spinal cord, the main compartments of our nervous system, this triggers an effect that causes extreme damage to the axons, specifically their mylenated areas.1 Multiple sclerosis triggers pain to the central nervous system, which destroys and prohibits proper functions. This disease is considered as being irreversible because of the damage done to the axons. 2 As damage to the axons is seen, lesions start to develop in the brain and

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a very complex disease characterized by many different pathophysiological mechanisms that play a role in how the disease presents itself and its progression (Miller, 2012). Some mechanisms that play a role in MS are demyelination, axonal/neuronal damage, inflammation, gliosis, etc (Miller, 2012). Among 20-40 year olds, MS is the most common neurological disease (Miller, 2012). There are many different causes associated with MS but the two main causes of MS are axonal injury and oxidative stress and excitotoxicity.

Multiple Sclerosis has haunted my reality as a young child. I can recall an episode that lay at the beginning memories of my childhood. The steady shifting of the bed and the sudden spike in heat surrounding me woke me from my peaceful slumber to find my grandma having a M.S episode. Multiple Sclerosis was a word that always lingered in my family at every turn, but never had I known the true meaning. Diseases are commonly discussed in television programs, papers, and daily conversation, but the normal course of the discussion goes towards scientific findings and the implementation of treatment options what science has created to cure. The disease is never really discussed in its entirety; neither are there enough discoveries on how to stop

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord, with nerves that are covered by a protective layer called the myelin sheath (“Multiple Sclerosis”, 2012). The primary job of the myelin is to protect the nerves and conduct the nerves. Multiple sclerosis interrupts the nerves by repeatedly inflaming until it completely covers the myelin sheath. By covering the myelin, the nerve fibers are exposed and its impulses are then affected. The nervous system controls and coordinates our body functions and movements, and an attack can affect memory and the ability to speak or even walk (Tran, 2014). Gender plays an important role as women are affected earlier in life and twice as often than men. Race also places a role as Caucasian people are mostly affected in comparison to other races. Genetics can contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis as chances for developing this disease increase significantly for people with an affected family member. Research has shown that this disease shares a common genetic link in family members. Climate is also another factor in developing MS, with countries with temperate climates such as Canada, the U.S, New Zealand and some parts of Europe. Viral infections can also be linked to developing MS, including Epstein-Barr virus, which causes mononucleosis also known as the kissing disease (Tran,

The sample sizes would be large, in order to represent the large population of individuals in the United States that are affected by MS. The controls would be used as a comparison as well as to ensure no bias in data collection. The criteria for choosing MS patients would be individuals ranging from 20 to 60 years of age, having sufficient documentation of being diagnosed with MS, and having no documentation or suspicion of having any other inflammatory disease of the CNS. The criteria for choosing the control samples would be individuals ranging from 20 to 60 years of age, having no documentation of or suspicion of having any inflammatory diseases of the CNS, and having no documentation of or suspicion of having infections of the GI tract within the last 10 years. The age restraint was chosen based on the fact that development of MS begins between 20 to 40 years of age.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and can be potentially disabling. It is a disease where the immune system attacks the nerve fibers and causes the nerves to deteriorate to a point where communication problems are created between the brain and the body. Alharbi (2015) notes that there is clear evidence linking lack of Vitamin D and the risk of getting MS. People who live closer to the equator are less likely to get MS compared to people who live further away. An explanation for this is that there is more sunlight near the equator. As such, the body is exposed to more sunlight and thereby produces more Vitamin D. This research paper implies that lack of Vitamin D may be responsible for the onset

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). (3)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a non-preventable inflammatory neurodegenerative demyelinating disease. The pathogenesis of MS is a debatable topic and still needs to be better understood. (1,3) .