Taking a Look at Neuroblastoma

One gland which has an important role in the endocrine system is the pancreas which is an organ in the upper abdomen. The pancreas has two main functions the pancreas excretes enzymes to break down proteins, lipids and carbohydrates and nucleic acids in food therefore functions as an exocrine gland. The hormone insulin and glucagon are produced in this organ and serve as an endocrine gland .The function of these hormones being created are controlling blood sugar levels.

The primary ones include these types. Gliomas, the most common brain tumor involving the brain tissue. There are different grades and even types of gliomas. But if the tumor grade is higher, it will probably grow faster. Medullblastomas are brain tumors that in young children. Without treatment it will spread rapidly into the spinal fluid and other parts of the brain. But almost or half of the brain tumors found are benign. These types of brain tumors are usually Meningiomas and Neuromas. Meningiomas begin in the tissue membranes. Neuromas are in the nerves mostly in people over

Cortisol is a cholesterol derivative steroid hormone. It is produced in the cortex of the adrenal gland. Cortisol is secreted because of stress related events and its part of our adaptive stress response.

Adrenal glands are endocrine glands that sit atop the kidneys (Shier et al., 2009). The adrenal glands secrete hormones that increase heart rate, the force of cardiac muscle contraction, breathing rate, elevate blood pressure and blood glucose level. This activity prepares the body foe energy expending action, sometimes called fight or flight responses (Shier et al., 2009).

Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer where neuroblasts, which are a type of nerve cell, fail to mature and become Neuroblastomas, which can be cancerous. Susceptibility to Neuroblastoma can be inherited through your parents and through the PHOX2B gene. Although, there are suspicions that the ALK gene might contribute to the disorder as well as the PHOX2B gene, but scientists are still not sure.

Brain Cancer is one of the primary cancers in children and young adults. Brain cancer is a malignant tumor in the brain that can grow and spread aggressively, overpowering healthy cells by taking their space, blood, and nutrients. Some tumors can metastasize to other parts of the body causing further destruction of healthy cells. The most common primary brain tumors are gliomas, meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, vestibular schwannomas, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (medulloblastomas), named according to the part of the brain they originate in. The cause of most brain cancers are unknown, but Genetic factors, various environmental toxins, radiation to the head, HIV infection, and cigarette smoking have all been linked to cancers of the brain.

Because these cancer cells attack the bodies system it often leads to outer signs of the sickness taking control and creating nervous system dysfunctions.

The adrenal gland is an organ involved in endocrine functions in the body. It is divided into adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla is part of the sympathetic nervous system. The adrenal cortex is part of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal endocrine system. It consists of three layers which are:

The adrenal glands are pyramid-shaped glands located on top of each kidney (Brashers & Jones, 2010). The layers of the adrenal gland include the outer capsule, the adrenal cortex, and the inner adrenal medulla (Brashers & Jones, 2010). The primary function of the adrenal glands is steroid hormone secretion, which is stimulated by ACTH from the pituitary gland (Brashers & Jones, 2010).

It is cancer that occurs in the adrenal glands when abnormal cells form in the gland or travel from another part of the body. It normally happens in the outer layer called the adrenal cortex. It forms as a tumor and can be either benign, which is not cancerous, or it can be cancerous. When it's a benign tumor, it is called benign adenomas. A cancerous tumor of the adrenal glands would be called an adrenal cortical carcinom. in 1886 Felix Frankel was the first person to say that someone had an adrenal tumor

The brain is an anterior most part of the central nervous system. A brain tumor occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain. There are two main types of tumors malignant or cancerous tumors and benign tumors. Cancerous tumors can be divided into primary tumors that start within the brain, and secondary tumors that have spread from somewhere else, known as brain metastasis tumors. All types of brain tumors may produce symptoms that vary depending on the part of the brain involved. Most of the brain is separated from the blood by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which exerts a restrictive control as to which substances are allowed to pass. Therefore, many tracers that reach tumors in the body very easily would only reach brain tumors once

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common type of cancer in the early stage of childhood life, more specifically; it is known to be a disease of infancy. It is closely associated with a defect in the neuroblast differentiation process, as it plays a role in developing tissues. One of the most challenging aspects of treating NB is the variation in response to therapy among patients. This is, in part, due to the heterogeneity of the disease, which presents phenotypic differences in patients ranging from spontaneous regression of NB with unnecessary therapy to successful therapy to a more aggressive form with unpredictable outcomes. Much of the focus on understanding reasons for treatment failure has been directed toward a subgroup within the aggressive

One of the many ways your body maintains correct functionality is through hormones. There are many types of hormones and many hormone producing glands in the body, but one main one is the adrenal gland (Robinson). The adrenal gland’s job is to produce the following hormones: mineralocorticoids, which help the body maintain its salt and water levels; glucocorticoids, which regulate response to stress, your metabolism, and it mobilizes amino acids and fatty acids; and adrenal androgens, which maintains male sex hormones, and early development of male and female sex organs (Robinson). While the adrenal glad has a big responsibility, there are some unfortunate cases when it does not work properly due to there being.

In mammals, the adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are the triangular-shaped endocrine glands that sit on top of the kidneys. They are chiefly responsible for releasing hormones in conjunction with stress through the synthesis of corticosteroids and catecholamines, including cortisol and adrenaline (epinephrine), respectively.

Adrenal glands, located near the kidneys, secrete several hormones that are activated by the nervous system. These hormones dictate the body’s reaction to stressful situations. Each person secretes a different amount of hormones, therefore affecting behavior in stressful situations differently (Morris & Maisto, 2005).