Taking a Look at Title IX

Title IX of the Educational Amendments to the 1964 Civil Rights Act was signed into law in 1972. It bans any educational institution that receives federal funds from discriminating on the basis of sex, and applies to all academic and extra-curricular programs. Title IX has been praised as the chief factor behind the advances made in gender equity in education over the past three decades. In addition, the significant advances of women in higher education and in the workplace since the 1970s have been attributed by some to Title IX. Despite all this, Title IX is most well known for the impact it has had on intercollegiate athletics. The scale of women's collegiate athletic programs has increased exponentially during the past four decades,

In January of 2011, Delaware University announced that it was discontinuing its men’s wrestling, swimming, tennis, and gymnastics programs (Gottesdiener, 2011). Organizations like this are being diminished and discarded at an ever-increasing rate all across America. College and high school students competing in these athletic events are truly passionate about their chosen sport. In many cases, promising athletes are offered scholarships, initiating a symbiotic relationship between the student and the school they play for. In 1972, a new legislation was put forward with the intent of leveling the school-sponsored playing field. “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, or denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal funding” (What Is Title IX, 2014). This law is widely accepted as being an invaluable catalyst for the momentous success in female athletics today. Although Title IX has without a doubt been incredibly beneficial to female sports programs, it has not too recently been the source of some heavy speculation. With justifiable evidence, and passionate fervor, male athletes across America are declaring that Title IX is synonymous with injustice. Title IX was necessary in 1972, but it is now outdated and hindering male athletics. Two conflicting arguments, both with substantial claim, leave room for all but one solution. Title IX, although once

In the early 20th Century, women lacked much needed opportunities to participate in college athletics; however, with the coming of a new law called “Title IX”, these opportunities would soon become a reality. Title IX is a law that granted women equal rights to those of men, specifically within college athletics. Prior to Title IX, women were denied entry into specific universities for no other reason than the fact that they were women. When more and more women began to speak out and bring attention to the situation, it became a huge topic that needed a solution quick. Around the nation, Civil Rights Movements and Women’s Rights Movements began to dominate streets everywhere.

Title IX has ben good to promote equality for women in sports. Women like Mia Hamm were able to go to college as a matter of fact, the number of female athletes increased a lot. Mark Clayton ”has equality in sports gone to far? ”says, “women’s college soccer has soared from just 1,855 participants in 1981-1982 to 18,548 in 2000-2001, 10-fold leap” (Source A). This shows that women really want to play sports. Title IX has helped give money to women for college. Jenna Rosania, in “Women vs. their Society” writes, “Title IX has allowed teams of girls […] opportunities

Title IX has nine main points in which it protects people from sexual harassment/violence/discrimination. (1) Title IX isn’t strictly about sports, it forbids against sex-based discrimination in education. It addresses discrimination against pregnant and parenting students and women in STEM (science, technology. Engineering, and math) programs. Sexual harassment, gender-based discrimination, and sexual violence is also addressed. Sexual violence, attempted or completed, rape or sexual assault; as well as sexual harassment, stalking, voyeurism, exhibitionism, verbal/physical sexuality-based threats or abuse, and intimate partner violence. (2) This title doesn’t only apply to women – it protects anyone from sex-based discrimination, regardless of their sex or

Title IX has been successful in providing athletic opportunities for women. Title IX increased the amount of women participants significantly over the years and the legislation serves as a standard for college programs to abide by they want to keep federal funding. The passing of Title IX created a monumental shift college and high school athletics. After Title IX passed there were changes such as the University of Michigan going from an institution which only had male college programs to having ten female athletic programs in the span of five years (Rothman). I feel like Title IX has been successful in providing opportunities for women since without it there probably would have been very limited change. Dr.

Much to the surprise of the congressmen, the legislation was passed and Title IX became an active law (Cohen). Intent and Coverage of the Policy First and foremost, Title IX prohibits all federally funded educational institutions from discriminating in any activity or program, on the basis of gender. Adopting Title IX in all other areas of education presented little to no problems. The first interpretation of Title IX in regards to defined expectations for athletics wasn't developed until 1975 (Cohen). In the time before Title IX women of all ages were excluded from a vast majority of athletic opportunities in the primary, secondary, and post-secondary institutions.

Sports is a powerful force in society today.  People of all ages and both sexes watch and participate in different sports in increasing numbers.  Equal opportunity to participate in sports seems like a right that is natural and would be a common sense issue, but unfortunately this has not always been the case.  In 1972 Congress enacted the Education Amendments of 1972, this contains Title IX which was intended to ensure that discrimination based on sex was eliminated.  The area that this has had the most contentious impact is sports.  Has Title IX increased women's opportunities to participate in sports during college equitably and fairly?  Title IX has increased opportunities for women to participate in college sports programs

Title IX does not currently achieve the bill’s original purpose of equal opportunity between the sexes because the tests used to measure compliance are flawed, the required balance of funding between male and female sports teams is skewed due to revenue sports, and there is a vast amount of misinformation about the results of Title IX hiding its failures.

I think it’s important to have Title IX enforcing the rights for women in education and athletics. Not too long ago women were fighting for the right to vote in this country. The parameters of families and jobs have greatly changed over the years. Now a days, you see women in predominantly male professions, like coaching and athletics. In the reading of The Ethics of Title IX- Forty Years On; Flanagan and Greenburg discussed negative effects that Title IX has on female athletes. Their argument was that women were more exposed to injury, that the number of female coaches have declined and females were at an increase for sexual abuse.

One big argument is that in passing the clause, many men's sports teams have been cut, usually because of limited funding, in order to make room for women's teams. There are critics that lament the loss of male sports due to mandatory "quotas," as discussed in the Human and Civil Rights: Essential Primary Sources article "Title IX, Educational Amendments." Critics say that in this way, Title IX is "inherently discriminatory." In reality, though, looking back before the passing of Title IX, history shows that men's sports have routinely been cut for other purposes; the introduction of this law did not create the need to cut men's teams ("Title IX"). Another critic is Christina Sommers; in her article "Title IX: How a good law went terribly wrong," she discusses the unfairness of sports regulations she sees in Title IX. One of her big claims is that women's temperaments are not inherently sports-directed and therefore they are not as interested in sports as men are. She asserts that "women care far less about athletics" than men do (Sommers). This is a common argument, and I might agree that women care little about sports if it were not for the evidence to the contrary. As mentioned previously, the number of women in the NCAA has increased by over four hundred percent, thus disproving the idea that women are not very interested in sports. Chadband also mentions the

Within 40 years of being introduced, girls participating in sports raised from 294,000 to over three million (Paige). With the focus being on the success Title IX had in sports, many people forgot the basic principles that Title IX was found on.The ten key areas of Title IX were: access to higher education, career education, education for pregnant and parenting students, employment, learning environment, math and science, sexual harassment, standardized testing and technology(“history”). With more and more women being admitted into colleges and universities, women began to observe their own athletic talent and began to branch out of just obtaining an education to being successful in the sports world. Many of the professional women athletes that are around today credit Title IX for providing the opportunity for all women to participate in further education and athletics. With the introduction of Title IX came the rising of feminine groups supporting and pushing for more rights. Nancy Hogshead-Makar, a senior advisor for the Women’s Sports foundation talked about how much positive feedback she 's had "from parents, coaches, girls and women, and each one is telling me a different story of discrimination against female athletes. This is 2012, and I 'm still getting hundreds of these calls. For people to say we don 't need Title IX anymore, I completely disagree. We need Title IX more than ever” (Brennan).

Athletics: Title IX regulations allow a school to sponsor sex-segregated sports based on competitive skill, level of contact, and/or relevant research-based medical knowledge regarding the impact on the

Today there is a question about whether or not Title IX accomplished what it set out to actually accomplish. There are mixed views on if it was successful. There is no doubt that it has made a huge impact on women sports but has its faults made the law fail at its attempted mission. Carrie Lukas says, “Men’s sports teams have been sacrificed in order to achieve "proportionality" as demanded by those enforcing Title IX” (Lukas). Title IX

Title IX was the outcome of gender discrimination found in academics and athletics. Even though many people can argue that it’s not as present in schools as it was before its passing, it’s still found in many schools. One popular example of second-class gender discrimination was identified at the Sweetwaters District, when the girl’s softball team lacked the benefits or other male sports, like baseball. They lacked fundraising benefits, publicity support, equal access to coaching, recruiting and scheduling benefits, and equipment and uniforms. A more warrying disadvantage they had compared to the male version of the sport, baseball, was the unsafe competition facility. According to the article, Not-Second Class: Title IX, Equity, and Girls’ High School Sports,