Taking a Look at WESCAPE Development

Due to laws regarding coloured people, until 1994, almost 80 percent of the population had less than 20 percent of the land to farm, which lead to the over use of the soil and the low yield rate. In the mid 1990’s issues around this law were looked at by the government, with regrades to the reforms of apartheid (ita 2004).

Caliendo and Mcllwain (2011) have suggested that the historical claims of white supremacy within nations such as the UK and South Africa, has created racial conflicts and segregation between ethnic communities. Relating back to Weber’s example of the caste system, the “authentically white” (Caliendo and Mcllwain, 2011:22) communities are dominant and control the minority communities. Caliendo and Mcllwain (2011) argue that the “authentically white” have increased wealth and status, which they use to create boundaries and exclude the ethnic groups within the community. An example of this would be the issue of Apartheid in South Africa throughout the late nineteenth and twentieth century. Apartheid can be defined by the New Oxford English Dictionary (1998) as “a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on the grounds of race” (Guelke, 2005:61). Throughout the period Guelke (2005) discussed the fact that the minority white communities within South Africa ruled over the black majority, living “a lifestyle with a standard of living matching the very richest countries in the world” (Guelke, 2001:1-2), whilst the black communities lived in extreme poverty. Linking back to the system of monopolistic social closure, the white population viewed themselves as the elite members of society, and via legislation such as the native policy, used their power to justify the exploitation and segregation of the black South African

The Apartheid was initiated as a ploy for Europeans to better control the exploited populations for economic gain, as maintaining tension between the different racial classifications diverted attention from the Europeans as it fed hatred between groups. This assisted in minimizing unity between the exploited to rally against European control as it backhandedly induced “submission” for survival. One way of accomplishing this was by instilling laws that’d force segregation, classification, educational “requirements”, and economic purposes. The Population Registration Act of 1950 enacted, requiring segregation of Europeans from Afrikaans . Following shortly, the Group Areas Act of 1950 was enacted as a new form of legislation alongside the Population Registration Act. This detailed act separated tribes based on ethnics; consequently, further detailing segregation amongst the natives .

I have taken the liberty of deciding to conduct my research task on a very small area by the name of Tongaat. It is a sugarcane growing township in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which is about 37 km north of the popular Durban city and 28 km south of Stanger. The area has now become part of eThekwini, the Greater Durban metropolitan area. The very town was established in 1945 and its name originates from its river's name, Tongaat, the Zulu word for the ‘Strychnos mackenii’ trees that flourish on its banks. The population is pre dominantly the Indian race holding more than 50% of the total population and the Black race in minority were the highest number of black people found in the northern portion of the township consists mainly of low-income

this is the use of security within the white suburbs showing that the South African

| Relevant Biographical Information About the Author: * White * Born in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa in 1903 * Father was Scottish and mother was South African of English heritage * Worked at a reformatory with black youths

We commence by examining South-African apartheid and its historical and theoretical context. Apartheid was a system of racial segregation used in the overtly racist regime in South Africa from 1948 to 1991. It was based on laws that banned “marriage and sexual relations between different “population groups” and requir[ed] separate residential areas for people of mixed race (“Coloreds”), as well as for Africans” (Fredrickson 3). These laws were based on the same obsession with “race purity” that characterized other racist regimes, most notably Jim Crow America and Nazi Germany. The system was justified in terms of “cultural essentialism” and “seperate development”. Cultural essentialism means that each culture has inherent features that differentiate the members of this cultural group from others. The concept of separate development

The convergence of racial unity and inroads towards the non-classification of race has been compromised by the accumulation of rights, privileges, and perceptions of the “whites”, and the life experiences, inequalities and societal impediments of the ‘non-white”. These experiences represent an overarching inability to forge ahead without cognizant realizations of past injustices and reparation for past aggressions. Noting the attempts at racial reunification in South Africa and the redress of exclusionary policies existing within the

Chapter nine best shows the economic situation of black South Africa, and in turn, the housing situation. “If the crops fail, there is Johannesburg. If there are taxes to be paid, there is work in Johannesburg. If the farm is too small to be divided further, some must go to Johannesburg.” (Paton 83) People are leaving their homes as their land is dying and there is not enough money, so they must relocate to big cities. There is not enough homes for the influx of people in these cities, causing many, primarily black residents to have to rent out rooms in their already full homes. The jobs

Tilley explains the “race question” associated with in British Africa. “... science has told us that the five Races, white, black, brown, yellow, and red, differ only in the color of their

The Population Registration Act of 1950 classified all South Africans by what came to be four racial groups which include Bantu (black Africans), Coloured (mixed race), White, and Asian (Indian and Pakistani). Then a collection of Land Acts continuously separated the races. Eighty percent of the land was “set aside” for the white minority while non whites had to have documents authorizing their presences on these lands. If not, this would be a violation of pass laws. Because of these rules and regulations, non-whites were not able to participants of the national

Intersectionality is the clash of many variables such as race, social class and gender into a group that could lead to the inner discrimination and disadvantage. Urban stabilization would be the progress of South Africans take to socially and culturally adjust to the new town life. Incapsulation could occur among the South Africans because they participate in different social groups and only interact within the group. The above community problems could hinder the country development process. Thus, in order to remedy its problem in the future, South African government should provide many open opportunities for the people to choose so they would be gradually capable of adapting to the transition, instead of forcing them, using the social and financial pressure, for

Many of the contemporary issues in South Africa can easily be associated with the apartheid laws which devastated the country. The people of South Africa struggle day by day to reverse “the most cruel, yet well-crafted,” horrific tactic “of social engineering.” The concept behind apartheid emerged in 1948 when the nationalist party took over government, and the all-white government enforced “racial segregation under a system of legislation” . The central issues stem from 50 years of apartheid include poverty, income inequality, land ownership rates and many other long term affects that still plague the brunt of the South African population while the small white minority still enjoy much of the wealth, most of the land and opportunities

The thing I am going to research in this paper are the differences between the Netherlands and South Africa. Also, my goal is to get to know why these differences exist, and also going to study the Apartheid and get a conclusion of wat kind of county South Africa is.

This unexpected situation had not allowed the leaders to prepare the minimum for health and housing infrastructure because there was not enough town capacity. Nonetheless, Europe would have not known a significant urban growth if there were not the migration of poor people from Africa, Asia and Latina America toward attractive European countries. Poorly managed, urban growth can induce the proliferation of slums and overcrowding; this is why, decision makers, while implementing legislation and adequate policy for all economic development and urban growth, have to avoid inequity and poor distribution of income of rural migrants. The negative effects of AIDS have been observed in Southern Africa for example by a slowdown of urban growth; this decrease is the consequence of high mortality rate. This table illustrates the urban growth in the world to have a general idea: