Taking a Look at the Inca Civilizaiton

The Inca were South American Indian people who ruled one of the largest and richest empires in the America's. The Inca Empire began to expand about 1438 and occupied a vast region that centered on the capital, Cusco, in southern Peru. The Empire extended more than 2,500 miles (4,020 kilometers) along the western coast of South America. It included parts of Present - Day Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The Inca Empire was conquered by Spanish Forces soon after their arrival in 1532.

The Inca Empire, the massive nation that extended 2,500 miles along the western coast of South America and had a population of over 7 million at its peak. It included all of what is now Ecuador and Peru and most of Chile. Known as “The Children of the Sun”, they excelled at craftsmanship, weaving, and culture (“Children of the Sun”). A very religious people, they worshiped the Sun as their supreme god and held religious festivals monthly to appease these gods. Although they did not value it aside from its beautiful appearance, the Inca Empire was home to millions of pounds of solid gold and silver. The Inca had no use for it except to use it to craft decorations and statues. In fact, an Inca citizen valued cloth more than they valued gold

“The engineers showed great cleverness and skill in supplying water for the crops, since only scattered sections of the land could grow corn. For this reason, they endeavored to increase its fertility as much as possible.” This was a quote from Garciasco de la Vega, a son of a Spanish explorer and an Incan princess, which described a method of farming in the Incan empire in 1539. The three most advanced civilizations were the Mayans, the Aztecs, and the Incas. All three civilizations made major accomplishments, all being added upon and used by other civilizations. For example, the Mayans had created a calendar with three hundred sixty-five and a quarter days. The Incas had created terrace farming to create better and a larger amount of

There were several ancient civilizations that built their cultures around their geography. The Incas were among one of those ancient civilizations. They had amazing ingenuity to make use of their environment. The Incas built agriculture terraces and they had a complex irrigation system. And some crops that we use today. The physical environment of the Incas affected and shaped their civilization.

Mesoamerica is full of rich culture. Expeditions have revealed monuments of valiant, female sultan erected for display and iconography feminine in appearance. Women have played a prominent role in defining cultures; such is the case for Maya, Inca, and Aztec societies.

1. Before Francisco Pizarro began the Spanish conquest in 1532, the Incan empire dominated the Andes Mountain region. An emperor who demanded strict obedience ruled the land. All business was run by the state, which could draft citizens for its projects. The Inca, terracing the landscape and irrigating the crops, farmed the mountainsides. The Inca were brilliant engineers, whose roadways included bridges. The city of Machu Picchu is an example of their skill with tools like the plumb bob and wooden roller, which they used for in heavy construction. Hundreds of years after their civilization was subdued by the Spanish, the descendants of the once-dominate Incas make up about 50 percent of Peru’s population.

How the conquest of the Spaniards led to an impact on one of the world’s largest empires.

The Incan Empire was the largest indigenous empire in the world before the conquest of South America by the Spaniards. "At its height, the Inca Empire controlled all of the western part of the South American continent between Ecuador and Chile. The Inca capital was at Cusco, Peru, and the Inca legends claimed they were descended from the great Tiwanaku civilization at Lake Titicaca" (Hirst 2012). The Incan rulers, at their Empire's height, were able to exercise control over such a massive territory in part because of their extensive system of roads. Incan roads spanned all over the empire, enabling a great deal of centralized control by the leadership hierarchy despite the territorial sprawl (Hirst 2012). "The Inca state's domain was unprecedented, its rule resulting in a universal language a form of Quechua, a religion worshipping the sun, and a 14,000 mile-long road system crisscrossing high Andean mountain passes and linking the rulers with the ruled" (Clark 2012). The roads were constructed so they could be traversed in all weathers.

The Aztecs were warrior people who lived in the Valley of Mexico, with the capital at Tenochtitlan, during the 1400s. Under their authoritarian state, the Aztecs worshipped their patron god, Huitzilopochtli, among other deities. Despite their warrior tactics and developed belief system, the Spaniards conquered them in 1519. The Incas (or Inkas) were the people who lived throughout the Andes Mountains from southern Peru to central Chile. With a society based on agriculture, the Incas farmed the terrain of the Andes Mountains west of their capital at Cuzco. The Incas suffered a fall to the Spaniards in 1532. The Aztecs from the Valley of Mexico in the 1400s and the Incas from throughout the Andes Mountains during the 1400s are similar and different because of their ideological and intellectual values, their rise and fall by conquest of their empires, and the way they applied the characteristics of their economies to their lifestyles.

Felipe Guaman, Poma De Ayala. The First New Chronicle and Good Government: On the History of the World and the Incas Up to 1615. Trans. Roland Hamilton. Ed. Roland Hamilton. Austin, TX: U of Texas, 2009. Questia School. Web.https://www.questiaschool.com/read/120797805/the-first-new-chronicle-and-good-government-on-the

They lived 200 years and in the early 1000th century. The Inca leader was Sapa Inca. The Inca government was called the Tawantinsuyu. It was a monarchy ruled by a single leader called the Sapa Inca. Atahuallpa, the 13th and last emperor of the Incas, dies by strangulation at the hands of Francisco Pizarro's Spanish conquistadors. When Francisco Pizarro's Spanish conquistadors came, the execution of Atahuallpa, the last free reigning emperor, marked the end of 300 years of Inca civilization. As you can tell, these similarities and differences are not all the

Built at the height of the Inca empire, Machu Picchu is not only one of the world’s most stunning man-made wonders, but possibly the most well-known relic of the Americas’ most powerful civilization. At the time the structure was built, the Incas ruled the largest nation in the world ; it covered much of South America's west coast and its borders stretched from present day Colombia, southward to the border of modern day Chile. The empire thrived from the twelfth to the fifteenth century until the Spanish conquest in 1572. Although the empire expanded at a rapid speed and covered abundantly diverse areas, Incan emperors effectively unified their empire and maintained legitimacy both socially and politically, by employing unique organizational

The Incan Empire was the largest empire in the 16th century in South America. The capital was Cusco and the civilization had expand from the west coast of South America, modern day Ecuador, Boilivia, Argentia, and expanded to Peru. The government style was similar to that of socialism. The empire was divided into four provincial governments: Chinchasyu, Antisuyu, Kuntisuyu, and Qullasuyu. Inca Pachacuti had founded the empire and unite all of the kingdoms together. The thrown was then inherited by his decendent, but once the Spanish had reached South America the empire fell. Francisco Pizarro led the spanish into the empire and manipulated the two ruling emperors which then hed him to his victory. After capturing one of the emperors, Pizarro

The Inca’s religion centered around nature and their location in the Indies Mountains in South America. The Inca believed strange natural formations had supernatural powers and called them hauca (mountain in bottom right). They called the strange natural formation hauca and the Inca performed their sacrifices on them. The Incas performed human sacrifice on hauca. Sacrificing was important because they did it to appease the gods (located in the bottom right on the mountain). Their most important god was Viracocha (the sun in the background). The Inca believed he created the universe and he was the Sun God, and they called themselves “The Children of The Sun”. The Inca’s religion was mostly connected with nature and the Inca’s surroundings

The political composition of the Inca empire was very structured and had many levels; each level controlling another, all coming together to fairly rule the civilization. The first believed ruler of the Inca empire was Manco Capac who conquered and settled the Cuzco Valley around 1200 CE. Capac was the start to an imposing empire in the making. Later on, in the mid 15th century, Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui began “an ambitious, expansionistic empire-building program”. He renovated Cuzco and appears to have consciously revised Inca history so that it would represent and justify the new Inca order (Lockhart, “Inca Empire”). The Inca empire was a bureaucracy where the rulers were chosen by the current emperor or king, Sapa Inca, who was known as the “sole ruler”. He was