Taking a Look at the Kashmir Conflict

Disputes over land seem to be a catalyst for almost every hostility and war since the dawn of time. The addition of politics and religion into the matter only serves to aggravate an already tense situation. Kashmir knows this all too well. The conflict between Hindus and Muslims seems to be an ever reoccurring battle. This is also evidenced in population battles. Hindus make up the social majority of the population of India by almost eighty percent. Feelings of tension and uneasiness are a natural reaction to being dominated by a majority and are a problem unto itself.

The ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan has been the subject of speculation and study by political scientists and historians for a number of years. The ethnic conflict seems to have been sparked at the very beginning in 1947, when the British used Muslim and Hindu mercenaries against each other before the area finally split into today’s countries of India and Pakistan (Spiegel et al. 2015, 185). The timeline since then has been full of conflicts, both major and minor. Brutal tactics used by security forces and a high rate of unemployment have added to the issue (BBC News 2016).

This French article discusses the current cultural and religious conflict in India. The author cites various individuals who argue that Muslims are purposely blamed for violence that affects both communities. As well, it stresses that the government is lacking actions in order to resolve the conflict. This article applies to psychology.

The topic of peace has been on the mind of historians, political leaders, and the general public for as long as our history has been recorded. Will there ever be peace in the Middle East? Will the age old battles, both foreign and domestic ever end? This question, pondered on throughout decades of Western civilization, has both a simple answer and a complex reasoning. To even begin to uncover the answer, one must understand the conflict and its deeply rooted origins to even draw a hypothesis of the outcome. We must first venture into the guarded minds of radical Muslims, our coalition forces, and the minds of the non-violent Muslims who seek liberation from the grip of evil. We must delve into the history of the Islamic world, the tales of

The occurrence of conflict is an issue that societies have faced since the genesis of human beings. Take, for example, the country of Sri Lanka. For years, Sri Lanka has been torn apart by the conflict between the Buddhist Sinhalese, who constitute the majority of the population, and the Hindu Tamil, who are the minority of the population. The country gained independence from the European rule in 1948. Since then, the country became a symbol of economic prosperity, political stability and harmony, particularly amongst third world countries (Peace Direct 2015). However, this glory was short-lived as the prevalent tensions between the two ethnic groups tore the country apart. The country has endured over three decades of political unrest, armed conflict and societal disruption accrued to this conflict (Peace Direct 2015). Sri Lanka is but an example of the many disastrous impacts of conflicts within the society. The devastating and often recurring consequences of conflicts have resulted in the formulation of several theories regarding conflict resolution.

This article’s idea and points will be useful to back up my arguments because of its concurrently durable and clear claim. And at the end of this article, it concludes with recommendations for intensive collaboration between policy makers and religious leader elaborating on ideas that will solve national conflict which will also help build my

In this paper, I have tried to figure out the short historical background of Kashmir vally, why Kashmir is important for both India and pakistan?, what are the Kashmiris’ demands, what is the indian argument, what are the Pakistanis agendas , how to apply structural theory to reorganize kashmir, what is the outline for coexistence, recommendation for the further solution and finally there is a short conclusion part.

In her book Rich introduces the beginning of the hatred between Hindus and Muslims with the fact that in 1947 India was divided into two nations, Pakistan the new Muslim homeland, and the Union of India (Rich 127). Up until this point they were living peacefully together, and the contention only grew worse as time went on. A critical historical moment that shows growth of the tension between the two ethnicities is the demolition of the Babri Mosque in 1992, which caused ”furious riots that left three thousand dead most of them Muslims”(Rich127). She learns that this war against the minority in India resembles closed circle that leads from one attack to the next. Muslims trying to defend themselves but unrightfully proclaimed for the

India had finally gained independence after 350 years of British presence. The plan for partition began when Britain ultimately handed over self-governance to India. After receiving its independence, India was further separated due to religious tensions between Muslims and Hindus living together. Because of these conflicts, Pakistan was formed the following day on August 15, 1947. Under the Mountbatten Plan, India was formed out of mostly Hindu regions and Pakistan was created out of the primarily Muslim regions. Pakistan was formed into two dominions: East Pakistan and West Pakistan. At the beginning of their independence, both countries dealt with both ruined lands and economies. The partition ended up leaving both Pakistan and India distraught. Riots erupted, looting broke out, women were raped, and over 15 million refugees were forced into unfamiliar regions. These refugees crossed borders into regions of the two new countries that were completely foreign to them. Women were raped and abused by both Muslims and Hindus, and each day trains filled with beaten women and children would arrive between the borders of Pakistan and India.

Not only did Gandhi fail to create a vision for him and his followers, his inability to foster an inclusive environment, led to the lack of support from the Muslim community, which was the largest religious minority in India. This lack of inclusion can be seen in Gandhi’s dealings with Mohammad Ali Jinnah, one of the leaders of the Indian Muslims and the eventual founder of Pakistan. Initially, Jinnah had worked with Gandhi to create a Hindu-Muslim accord and independence for India, but eventually became convinced that the 80 million Muslims in India would be subjugated by a Hindu-dominated India. (Shirer, 1979, pp. 107, 108). This belief was based on the actions of Gandhi, such as Gandhi’s articles advising Hindus how to protect themselves when attacked by Muslims and Gandhi’s failure to perceive the Muslim elite’s longing for power as a distinct religio-political group (Prasad, 1985, p. 76). Opportunities to include Muslim leaders in political positions, such as when provincial ministries were formed, were not utilized. (Prasad, 1985, p. 76). By failing to consider his actions and their effects on the Muslim

Kashmir is conflict territory after the partition of India and Pakistan. Conflict is not only between India and Pakistan but also India and the religious militants. Religious Militants are conducting a jihad to govern by the religious law. Historically, Kashmir included Sufis Muslim not orthodox Muslim. Numerous international events had influenced in the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Kashmir. Jihad is not originally from Kashmir but they are foreign militancy bought during the end of the Soviet –Afghanistan War. Additionally, they are trained in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pakistan Inter service Intelligence helped them to incorporate into organized militant groups. Pakistan helped Jihad group with full moral,

Much of the discussion about religion in context of conflict and global politics today focuses on the Muslim world. This is not only because of the events of 11 September 2001, even for some time before these events, it has been believed that Islam was problematic because in its belief system, religion and politics could not be separated - meaning that the Muslim world was challenging to west (Mandaville, 2014). With this hypothesis, it is easy to underline simple conclusions about the link between religion and conflict today. While there has been involved a high profile terrorist conflict involving religious fundamentalism that over shadows the coherent aspect of religion. But focusing only on the extremes for instance Arab-Israel

The increasing sectarian violence and militancy in Pakistan has converted a tolerant society into an increasingly intolerant society. The need for embracing diversity and pluralism has been felt to avoid straining the social fabric irreparably. Sectarian militancy and extremism has not only created disharmony in the society and is acting as repellent from Islam for followers as well as disbelievers but is also a threat to internal security.

The Palestinian conflict came about because both Palestinians and the Israelis wanted to own the land for themselves and dictate what happens to it. It all started with Israelis getting away from the persecution in Europe wanting to inaugurate a national homeland in what used to be called the Arab, Muslim territory.

India thinks that Kashmir is not the issue for an international concern and India does not consider UN’s take on any political action over Kashmir. India’s apprehension of Kashmir is reasonable somehow because India has fought three times with Pakistan regarding Kashmir’s issue. On the contrary, resolution does not come through military action. According to India, if India is ready to establish Kashmir as a democratic province with all the privileges of an autonomous, there is no guarantee to Kashmir will be under the Indian union. Because there are lots of terrorist groups are fighting against India. Pakistan is supporting them by providing materials as well as financial backing (Schofield, V. 2000).