Tapeworm: Multi-Segmented Flat Worms

Just last month, a deadly worm was found in not one, but four locations in the U.S. state of Florida. This worm, until recently, was documented in only twenty-one countries, most of which were island nations. Although the New Guinea Flatworm may seem as a highly dangerous predator, it is only about two inches in length and mainly targets snails for its nutrition. These worms are not harmful to humans, but they will feast on any soft creature in the soil. In order to eat snails or any critters with a hard shell, the New Guinea Flatworm latches itself onto the shell’s opening and then spits out its own stomach through the opening in its belly. This allows an acidic goo to dissolve the snail’s flesh and the worm can continue on with its meal by swallowing both its stomach and the snail.

The new guinea flatworm is from the united states of America.this worm is native to the island of New Guinea where it was originally to have been found in. You can find these worms in tropical areas,coastlands ,planted forests, riparian zones shrubs and urban areas as well.it feeds on earthworms ,slugs and arthopods. This worm can harm the snail called The Giant East African Snail. This worm also can mainly eat mollusks and it especially likes to prey on snail. To hunt for it's prey the worm deposits itself to the bottom of a cabbage leave. It also can follow snail mucus trails to find it`s trail. It also has a infectious rate at least 14.1% and this thing usually lives on cabbage leaves. This worm not only affects the whole population of animals or a specific area this worm can affect humans as

When the infective larvae on the pasture are eaten by the sheep they develop in the 4th stage larvae and become adults. This stage is called the host stage as they need to live inside a host (the sheep) or the worms will die. They live inside the sheep’s abomasum during which they lay eggs and will spend the rest of their lives and the whole cycle repeats itself

Nematodes, also known as roundworms due to their round cross-section, are parasites that can affect both domesticated and wild animals (Bassert and Thomas 451). The roundworms that are common in dogs are Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, and Trichuris vulpis (Bassert and Thomas 451). The roundworms that are common in cats are Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Dirofilaria immitis, and Toxocara cati (Bassert and Thomas 451). Dirofilaria immitis and Toxascaris leonina can affect both dogs and cats (Bassert and Thomas 451). Baylisascaris procyonis can affect both raccoons and dogs (Bassert and Thomas 454). Roundworms can live in many of the organs and systems of the body, such as the eye, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital system, circulatory system,

•Spread hydatid tapeworm – hydatid tapeworm are a risk to human health and cause livestock production

There are approximately 800 million people that have acquired whipworm infections. Whipworm infections not only occur in humans, but can also occur in animals such as dogs and cats. Contamination with the whipworm usually accidentally occurs as a result of touching the contaminated dirt and then touching the hands to the mouth. Contamination might also occur by not properly washing vegetables or fruits before consumption. After ingestion of the whipworm eggs, the eggs typically travel to the small intestines via the gastrointestinal tract. In the small intestines the eggs then hatch and the larvae grow to maturity. The adult worm them developes in the large intestines. The female worms that are present in the large intestines can begin to transfer eggs into the intestines within two months. Female worms can produce from approximately three thousand to twenty thousand eggs in a twenty four hour

Four stages of this parasite have been identified the first stage is the penetration phase which is day 1-17 during this stage the larvae moves into the body of the animal and moves to the lungs. The second stage which is the prepatent phase which is day 8-25

Following the tapeworm diet is a very fast way to lose weight. The tapeworm will absorb some of the food that a person eats, which will cause him or her to lose weight. This diet involves consuming tapeworms. Even though this can help a person lose weight, it can cause a person to become seriously ill. The vast majority of physicians do not approve of people following this diet. In fact, this diet is illegal in many places.

When it comes to the reproduction of the roundworm, the female is bigger than the male. When they mate, females will lay up to 200,000 eggs per day . The affected host will only hold 5,000. The eggs can be found in human feces and or contaminated water. The remaining eggs will be hatched in the intestine. When the host gets infected by the skin, the worm will find an blood vessel and makes it way to the respiratory system. It will then makes it way to throat were the host will swallow them and go through the digestive system and will end up the intestine

The complexity of S. stercoralis’ life cycle begins with its alternation between free-living and parasitic cycles.1 When the soil is contaminated with the infective filariform larvae, humans get infected through the skin.1 The infective filariform larvae penetrate the human host and reach the small intestine, where they mature into adults and produce eggs through parthenogenesis.2 The eggs hatch in the small intestine and eventually become larvae that are passed in the stool.6 The rhabditiform larvae passed in the stool become either infective filariform larvae or into free-living adults that reproduce outside the host environment.6 Some rhabditiform larvae are not completely excreted in the host’s feces, and they reinvade the small intestine or perianal skin and cause autoinfection.6 With the ability to autoinfect the hosts, S. stercoralis is potentially dangerous and fatal. Most chronic infections remain

The parasite has one or two stages of life cycle in animals including humans, a proliferate form which can be singly or within host cells in small groups or in the other stage which is found intra- or extracellularly, the cyst (Sheffield 2012). In pro life form the organism is surrounded in a two-layered membrane (pellicle), lateral to the nucleus a micropyle in the membrane (Sheffield 2012). Long club like paired organelles posteriorly from the comoid area (a cone shaped structure) is located at the anterior end where the nucleus and golgi zone are in the posterior half of the organism (Sheffield 2012). The cytoplasm is filled with the mitochondrial, granules, vesicles, and ribosomes. (Sheffield

Parasitic Ringworms symptoms are clear to see; its history and treatment show why it’s difficult to keep from spreading

Mode of infection: A mode of infection for Hydatid Cysts is the ingestion of eggs. If a person ingests food or drinks water that is contaminated with feces from a person or animal with tapeworm, a microscopic tapeworm eggs can be ingested. If an animal has a tapeworm infection, it contains larvae cysts in its muscle or tissue, therefore eating undercooked meat can have you ingest the larvae. The larvae will then develop into adult tapeworms in the intestines.

The broadly defined parasites have evolved a survival mechanism, which is evading the host’s immunity and obtaining multiple methods for successfully eluding the host immunity. The tactics used in this mechanism is complex promoting persistence and completion of the life cycle. This research investigates the interaction between host immunity and parasite. Paul Ehrlich, a German physician and scientist, about 100 years ago commenced the concept of immune evasion (Damian, 1997). The concept of exploitation of host immune responses by parasites has been reinforced by new data on its first known examples, especially the immune dependence of schistosoma egg excretion. The infection caused by the parasite leads to a variety of outcomes that is the removal of parasite or the death of the host. DAMIAN, R.T. (1997) ‘Parasite immune evasion and exploitation: reflections and projections’, Parasitology, 115(7), pp. 169–175.

Some of the wackiest, weirdest parasites can be found in the ocean. There is such thing as a “tongue-eating sex-changing louse” – Cymothoa exigua, which is a fish parasite that replaces the fishes tongue with itself! This organism enters the fish’s gills (usually red snappers) and latches on to its tongue. The parasite damages the blood vessels of the tongue, causing it to eventually fall off. Cymothoa exigua fastens itself to the muscle of the tongue butt, hereby enabling the fish to use the parasite as a tongue! It is the only parasite known to replace an entire organ of its host. (3)